Abstract: Targeting the issues of high labor intensity, uneven feed distribution, and low efficiency in aquaculture feeding, a ground - rail - based rail - type precision feeding system was designed. This system integrates mechanical design, automatic control, and upper - computer monitoring with feeding management. Key components like the traveling, silo, feeding, and weighing devices were designed and analyzed to determine structural parameters. An automatic control system using SIEMENS S7-200 SMART PLC was developed, and tests on driving speed, positioning accuracy, feeding speed, feeding accuracy, and feed crushing rate were conducted. Results show the system runs stably, starts/stops automatically, moves at 12.7 m/min, has a positioning accuracy error of 39 - 58 mm, feeds at 3.31 kg/min, with a feeding accuracy error < 0.63% and a feed crushing rate < 1%. The entire feeding process is automated, with real - time monitoring by the upper computer. This system boosts feed utilization and cuts labor and feeding costs. Its integrated design improves management and offers a viable solution for aquaculture automation.

Key words: rail type, aquaculture, positioning, timing and quantification, plc, precision feeding

摘要： 针对水产养殖过程中饲料投喂劳动强度大、投喂不均匀、效率低等问题，设计了一款基于地轨的轨道式精准饲料投喂系统，整套系统集机械结构设计、自动控制系统、上位机监视投喂信息管理系统于一体。通过对系统的行走装置、料仓、下料装置和称重装置等主要关键部件进行设计与理论分析，确定了系统的结构参数，基于SIEMENS S7-200 SMART PLC开发了自动控制系统，并以行驶速度、定位精度、投喂速度、投喂精度、饲料破碎率为试验指标进行饲料投喂试验。结果显示：系统运行稳定可靠，可以顺利自动启停，行驶速度为12.7 m/min，定位精度误差范围在39 ~58 mm，投喂速度为3.31 kg/min，投喂精度误差小于0.63 %，饲料破碎率低于1 %。整个投喂全程自动化运行，上位机能够实时监视系统的行驶过程和投喂过程。研究表明，该系统提高了饲料利用率，降低了劳动成本和投饲成本，同时一体化的投饲设备能更好管理使用，为水产养殖自动化提供了可行方案。

关键词: 轨道式, 水产养殖, 定位, 定时定量, PLC, 精准投喂