Abstract: Biofloc technology (BFT) is a promising technology for the sustainable improvement of aquaculture productivity. In BFT, maintaining an appropriate C:N ratio (10:1 ~ 20:1) by adding a carbon source promotes the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in water, heterotrophic bacterial assimilation of ammonia-nitrogen to bacterial biomass. In practical use, however, BFT system wastewater treatment functions remain limited in aquaculture. Besides, adding organic carbon also produces large amounts of suspended particulate that affects the health of aquatic animal. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the BFT system wastewater treatment capability by using a variety of technical methods. Here, we introduce the principle of BFT and the problems in its application. The enhanced and combined methods of BFT, principles, application scopes and effects are discussed. We also highlight the effects of enhanced methods on the BFT system, including pollutants removal efficiency, microbial communities, and the growth performance of aquatic animals. The main messages from the result can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the cultivation of nitrifying bioflocs alleviates the need for organic carbon and dissolved oxygen in aquaculture systems, and reduces suspended solids. Besides, BFT reactor can cultivate high concentrations of bioflocs and improve the removal efficiency of nitrogenous compounds. Adding probiotics, microalgae, macroalgae, and substrates to BFT system improves the growth performance and immunity of aquatic animal, as well as enhance the microbial life and decomposition process, increasing the removal efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. The coupled Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture System, Recirculating Aquaculture System, and Aquaponics System with BFT can not only improve the nutrient use efficiency and production of aquatic animal, but also reduce the operating costs of the system. We also foresee the application of BFT would bring a change in the aquaculture mode in China. The in-depth research and application for an enhanced and combined method of BFT would further promote the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

Key words: biofloc technology（BFT）, enhanced methods, aquaculture, water purification 

摘要： 生物絮团技术（Biofloc Technology，BFT）在实际应用中易受养殖环境影响产生波动，水处理效率相对较低，后期产生大量的悬浮颗粒物会影响养殖生物健康。因此，采用多种技术方法提升生物絮团系统水质净化功能具有重要意义。本文结合生物BFT原理及应用中存在的问题，综述了各种BFT强化及联用方法、原理、应用效果和适用范围。结果表明，培养硝化型生物絮团能够降低养殖系统有机碳源和溶氧的需求，减少悬浮固体含量；构建生物絮团反应器能够培养高浓度生物絮团，提高含氮化物去除效率。添加益生菌、藻类和基质可以提高养殖生物生长性能和免疫能力，增加微生物多样性，提高氮磷和有机物的去除效率；BFT联合综合营养级水产养殖系统、循环水养殖系统、鱼菜共生系统可以提高营养物质利用率，提高养殖生物产量，降低系统运行成本；展望了BFT强化及联用方法的研究方向与应用前景，认为BFT强化及联用是提高水产养殖系统效率、降低环境风险的关键，随着研究深入，必将推动水产养殖业可持续发展。

关键词: 生物絮团, 强化方法, 水产养殖, 水质净化