Abstract: The continuous accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus during zero water exchange biofloc culture is difficult to deal with, while floating duckweed (Lemna minor) is regarded as a plant with good water treatment ability, and in view of its aquaculture benefits as a feed supplement, so in order to better explore the duckweed-biofarming system for P. vannamei, the present study was set up to investigate the floating duckweed group (DG) and control group (CG) for a 45-day experiment with P. vannamei . At the beginning of the experiment, 40 g (wet weight) of duckweed was placed in the net box of GD. Fresh duckweed was fed every day in addition to the normal feed, and the amount of feed was adjusted according to the body weight of P. vannamei measured every week. Results indicated that DG achieved significantly lower levels of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), total nitrogen (TN), phosphates (PO43--P), and total phosphorus (TP) by 13.7%, 11.6%, 12.5%, and 11.8%. The growth metrics in DG were all significantly higher than those in CG (P < 0.05). The crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein of the shrimp in DG were (2.37±1.13)%, (2.48±0.35)%, and (19.63±0.64)%, showing significant differences compared to CG (P < 0.05). The levels of ASP, Gly, Met, Leu, Lys, and Arg in DG were also significantly different from those in CG (P < 0.05). The muscle hardness, chewiness, and water-holding capacity of the P. vannamei in DG were significantly higher than those in CG (P < 0.05). The enzyme activity tests indicated that the shrimp in the DG exhibited a significant enhancement in antioxidant and digestive capacities (P < 0.05). Based on these findings, incorporating duckweed in biofloc shrimp systems can purify water and enhance the growth performance, muscle quality, antioxidant capacity, and digestive enzyme activities of P. vannamei.

Key words: duckweed, P. vannamei, biofloc technology, growth performance, muscle quality

摘要： 为评估浮萍（Lemna minor）协同生物絮团技术（Biofloc technology, BFT）在凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannamei）养殖中的综合效益，本研究构建了浮萍组（DG）与对照组（CG）的45 d对比试验。DG组于网箱内接种40 g鲜重浮萍（不再补充），并以其作为补充饵料。结果显示:DG组硝酸盐氮（NO3⁻-N）、总氮（TN）、磷酸盐（PO43--P）及总磷（TP）浓度较CG组显著降低（P < 0.05）；DG组虾的终末均重、增重率、饲料系数和特定增长率分别为(8.19±0.14) g、(291.69±19.94)%、(1.23±0.03)和(0.030±0.001) %/d，均显著高于CG组（P < 0.05）；DG组肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为（19.63 ± 0.64）%、（2.48±0.35）%均显著高于CG组（P < 0.05）；DG组虾肌肉的硬度、咀嚼度和系水力均显著高于CG组(P < 0.05),同时必需氨基酸（蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸）含量较CG组虾显著增加9.0%、11.9%和13.1％（P < 0.05）；DG组虾的抗氧化能力和消化能力显著增强（P < 0.05）。研究认为，浮萍-生物絮团养殖模式可以净化水质，改善凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、肌肉营养与品质、抗氧化能力和消化酶活性。

关键词: 浮萍, 凡纳滨对虾（P. vannamei）, 生物絮团技术（Biofloc technology, BFT）, 生长性能, 肌肉品质