摘要： 以船载舱养为核心的工船养殖为在深远海开展海水鱼养殖提供了一条新的途径。为研究进水射流对养殖工船鱼舱流场的影响并评估横摇运动下进水射流对鱼舱流场的调节能力，采用FLOW-3D软件，对3000吨级养殖工船鱼舱流场特性进行数值模拟研究，分析总进水流量、进水口数目和横摇角度幅值对鱼舱流速大小和流动均匀性的影响。结果显示，随着总进水流量从110 m⊃3;/h增加到215 m⊃3;/h，鱼舱流速大幅增加，而流动均匀性的变化并不显著；随着进水口数目从4个增加到16个，鱼舱流速大幅降低，流动均匀性显著增加。对于锚泊状态下的工船，其横摇运动的周期变化范围较小，多在5.3～6.4 s间；随着横摇角度从0°增加到2°，鱼舱最大流速从0.385 m/s增加到0.413 m/s，流场变化较小，而当横摇角度从0°增加到5°，鱼舱最大流速从0.385 m/s增加到0.507 m/s，流场变化较大。研究表明，对于工船鱼舱，当进水口数目一定时，鱼舱最大流速与总进水流量呈线性正相关；故对于4个进水口的鱼舱，当总进水流量小于184 m⊃3;/h时，鱼舱流速始终小于0.5 m/s，是适合1龄以上大黄鱼（体长大于27 cm）养殖的。当因增加总进水流量而导致舱内流速大于鱼类适养流速上限时，可以通过增加进水口数目来降低鱼舱流速，同时增加水体流动的均匀性。对于锚泊状态下的工船，当横摇角度幅值小于2°时，横摇运动对鱼舱流场的影响较小，此时可以通过改变总进水流量和进水口数目来调节鱼舱流场；当横摇角度幅值大于2°时，横摇运动对鱼舱流场的影响较大，尤其当横摇角度幅值达到5°后，此时进水射流对鱼舱流场的调节作用有限。

关键词: 水产养殖, 养殖工船, 横摇, 流速, 流动均匀性

Abstract: Aquaculture by means of tanks aboard an aquaculture vessel provides a new way to carry out marine fish culture in the deep sea. To study the influence of the jet on the flow field of the tank aboard an aquaculture vessel, and evaluate the adjustment ability of the jet on the flow field of the tank under the rolling motion, the FLOW-3D is used to study the flow field characteristics of the tank aboard a 3000-ton aquaculture vessel, and to the analysis of the total influent flow rate, the number of water inlets and the amplitude of the roll angle on the velocity and flow uniformity of the fish tank. The results show that with the increase of the total influent flow rate from 110 m⊃3;/h to 215 m⊃3;/h, the velocity of the tank increases significantly, but the change in the flow uniformity is not significant. With the increase of the number of water inlets from 4 to 16, the velocity in the tank decreases significantly and the flow uniformity increases significantly. For the aquaculture vessel at anchor, the range of rolling period change is small, mostly 5.3-6.4 s. With the rolling angle increasing from 0 ° to 2 °, the maximum velocity of the tank increases from 0.385 m/s to 0.413 m/s, and the flow field changes slightly. When the rolling angle increases from 0 ° to 5 °, the maximum velocity of the tank increases from 0.385 m/s to 0.507 m/s, and the flow field changes greatly. The research shows that for the tank aboard an aquaculture vessel when the number of water inlets is constant, the maximum velocity of the tank is linearly and positively correlated with the total influent flow rate. Therefore, for the fish tank with 4 water inlets, when the total influent flow rate is less than 184 m⊃3; /h, the velocity of the tank is always less than 0.5 m/s, which is suitable for the cultivation of Pseudosciaenacrocea over 1 year old, of which body length is greater than 27 cm. When the velocity of the fish tank is greater than the upper limit of the suitable velocity for fish due to the increase of the total influent flow rate, the velocity of the fish tank can be reduced by increasing the number of water inlets, and the uniformity of the water flow can be increased at the same time. For the aquaculture vessel at anchor, when the amplitude of the rolling angle is less than 2°, the impact of the rolling motion on the flow field of the fish tank is small. At this time, the flow field of the fish tank can be adjusted by changing the total influent flow rate and the number of water inlets. However, when the amplitude of the roll angle is greater than 2°, the rolling motion has a greater impact on the flow field of the fish tank, especially when the amplitude of the roll angle reaches 5°, the regulating effect of the influent jet on the flow field of the fish tank is limited.

Key words: aquaculture, aquaculture vessel, rolling, flow velocity, uniformity of water flow