Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the growth differences and aquaculture water quality changes of Litopenaeus vannamei in modern industrialized recirculating aquaculture systems under outdoor and indoor conditions. This study set up two models of aquaculture:outdoor pond greenhouse recirculating aquaculture and indoor factory recirculating aquaculture. Under the same initial stocking size,stocking density,and culture duration,the growth patterns and water quality variations of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. The results showed that Litopenaeus vannamei exhibited rapid growth in both modes,with specific growth rates(SGR) of body mass exceeding 1. 62%. The outdoor mode demonstrated faster growth,achieving an SGR of 2. 05%.The harvest sizes were(9. 50± 0. 81) cm and( 11. 03± 2. 60) g for the indoors mode,and( 10. 17± 0. 76) cm and( 12. 98± 2. 27) g for the outdoors mode,with survival rates exceeding 80. 9% in both modes. A strong power-function relationship(W= aLb ) was observed between body length and mass in both modes,with equations of W= 0. 009 6 L3. 075 8 (R2 = 0. 915,P<0. 01) for the outdoor mode and W= 0. 014 L2. 915 3 (R2 = 0. 860 4,P<0. 01) for the indoor mode. The b-values were closed to 3, indicating isometric growth between body length and mass. Additionally, quadratic relationships were found between body length ,body mass,and culture time(Outdoor breeding mode L= -0. 000 8 t2 +0. 080 7 t+8. 478,R2 = 0. 980 7,P<0. 01;Indoor breeding mode L= 0. 001 t2 +5× 10-5 t+8. 517 3,R2 = 0. 957 6,P<0. 01; Outdoor breeding mode W= -0. 007 1 t2 +0. 439 9 t+ 6. 056 3,R2 = 0. 909, P<0. 01; Indoor breeding mode W= -0. 000 7 t2 +0. 173 8 t+6. 149,R2 = 0. 997 3,P<0. 01). Significant differences were observed in water quality indicators(TAN,NO -N,NO -N,CODMn ,TN,and TP) between the two modes. The outdoor mode exhibited significantly lower TN and TP concentrations compared to the indoor mode,along with lower NO -N concentrations in the late culture stage. However, NO - N concentrations were higher in the early to mid - culture stages outdoors. No significant regular patterns were observed for TAN and CODMn concentrations,although both decreased in the late culture stage. Research indicated that Litopenaeus vannamei grows faster and the water quality was better in outdoor pond greenhouse recirculating aquaculture compared indoor factory-based recirculating aquaculture systems,making it suitable for breeding promotion. The research provided a paradigm for the exploration of modern facility -based breeding patterns and intelligent management of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei, intelligentization, recirculating aquaculture, growth, water environment

摘要： 为探究室外和室内两种现代设施化循环水养殖凡纳滨对虾的生长差异和养殖水质变化 ,设置了室外池塘大棚循环水养殖和室内工厂化循环水养殖两种模式 ,在相同的初始养殖规格、养殖密度和养殖时间下 ,对比分析两种养殖模式凡纳滨对虾的生长特性和水质变化规律 。结果显示 :两种养殖模式下凡纳滨对虾生长迅速 ,体质量特定生长率均超 1. 62% ,其中室外养殖模式生长更快 ,体质量特定生长率达 2. 05%;室外模式收捕体长为 10. 17±0. 76 cm,体质量为 12. 98±2. 27 g,室内模式收捕体长为 9. 50±0. 81 cm,体质量为 11. 03±2. 60 g,两者存活率均达到 80. 9%以上 。室内和室外模式的凡纳滨对虾体长和体质量均呈良好幂函数增长关系( W= a Lb ) ,室外模式方程式为 W= 0. 009 6 L3. 075 8 (R2 = 0. 915,P<0. 01) ,室内模式方程式为 W= 0. 014 L2. 915 3 (R2 = 0. 860 4,P<0. 01) ,b 值均接近 3,体长与体质量呈等速生长 。同时 ,体长和体质量与养殖时间均呈二次函数关系( 室外 L = -0. 000 8 t2 +0. 080 7 t+8. 478,R2 = 0. 980 7,P< 0. 01,室内 L= 0. 001 t2 +5× 10-5t+8. 517 3,R2 = 0. 949 6,P<0. 01;室外 W= -0. 007 1 t2 +0. 439 9 t+6. 056 3,R2 = 0. 909, P<0. 01、室内 W= -0. 000 7 t2 +0. 173 8 t+6. 149,R2 = 0. 997 3,P<0. 01) 。两种模式各水质指标(TAN、NO-N、NO -N、 CODMn、TN、TP) 变化差异明显 ,室外模式TN 和 TP 浓度显著低于室内模式 ,养殖后期 NO-N 浓度显著低于室内 ,TAN和 CODMn 无显著规律性变化 ,但后期均明显降低 。研究表明 ,相较于室内工厂化循环水养殖模式 ,室外池塘大棚循环水养殖模式的凡纳滨对虾生长更快 ,水质更优 ,适合养殖推广 。本研究为凡纳滨对虾的现代设施化养殖模式探索与智能化管理提供了范式。

关键词: 凡纳滨对虾, 智能化, 循环水养殖, 生长, 水环境