Abstract:  Light, including its spectrum, intensity, and photoperiod, is a crucial environmental factor in aquaculture as it regulates the endogenous rhythms of crustaceans and influences their growth, physiology, and metabolism. The aquatic environment in aquaculture directly impacts the propagation of light. When light reaches crustaceans, it is absorbed and scattered by the air and water, resulting in relatively weak light intensity. This paper provides a brief description of how light propagates in the aquatic environment and discusses the photoreceptor function of crustaceans. The aquatic environment absorbs and scatters light, which is then received by the compound eyes of crustaceans. This process subsequently influences the secretion of hormones in crustaceans. This paper highlights the effects of light spectrum, intensity, and cycle on the growth, development, behavior, feeding, survival, molting, egg laying, reproduction, and apoptosis-related gene expression levels of crustaceans. These findings provide theoretical references for aquaculture production. The study results indicate that blue light and green light have greater penetration in the aquatic environment, which benefits the growth, digestion, molting, and spawning of crustaceans. Crustaceans exhibit varying adaptability to light intensity, and the specific light intensity should be determined based on the culture method and species. For instance, Portunus trituberculatus shows the fastest growth under 800 Lx, whereas Penaeus chinensis grows most effectively under 300 Lx. During the spawning and reproduction stages, a low light environment facilitates crustacean ovary maturation and successful reproduction. Extending the light cycle appropriately (14L:10D or 18L:6D) promotes crustacean feeding, larval development, and ovary maturation. Clarifying the influence mechanism of light on the growth and physiology of crustaceans, as well as determining the optimal light parameters for each growth stage and critical period of development, holds significant practical implications for aquaculture production. Presently, China's aquaculture industry lacks accurate regulation of light parameters, indicating an immature application of light systems. Therefore, the future application of LED lighting in aquaculture represents an important step towards promoting the intelligent development of the fishery industry.

Key words: crustaceans, aquaculture, light, physiological response, behavioural activity

摘要： 光照（光谱、光照强度、光照周期）是水产养殖中关键的环境因子之一，通过调节甲壳动物内源性节律，影响其生长、生理与代谢等生命活动。因此明晰光照对甲壳动物生长与生理的影响机制，确定甲壳动物生长发育关键时期的最适光照参数，对于养殖生产具有重要的现实指导意义。介绍了光在养殖水环境中的传播特点及甲壳动物的光感受器官，重点综述了国内外关于光照三要素对甲壳动物生长发育、行为活动、摄食、存活、蜕皮、产卵繁殖、凋亡相关基因表达水平等方面的影响，为养殖生产提供理论参考。中国水产养殖产业中光照系统的应用目前并不成熟，养殖中缺乏对光照参数的精准调控，对此提出未来水产养殖中应用LED照明是推广渔业智能化发展的重要步骤之一。

关键词: 甲壳动物, 养殖, 光照, 生理响应, 行为活动