摘要： 中国作为蛤、蛏等埋栖贝类养殖大国 ,采收环节的技术与装备水平直接关系产业发展 。通过梳理拖耙式、水力式、旋齿式、潜桨式及振动式等主流装备的工作原理、结构特性与采收效果 ,对比国内外技术研发现状 。 系统分析国内外浅海底播埋栖贝类采收装备技术差距 ,国内装备在理论机理研究、生态影响评估、标准化设计与智能控制方面滞后于国际先进水平 。基于此 ,本研究提出针对性发展路径 ,应深化采收过程流固耦合机理研究 ,开发适配中国浅海底播养殖模式的低扰动装备 ,构建生态效益导向的“采收-修复”协同技术体系 ,并推进机械化-智能化集成应用 ,实现采收轨迹精准调控与可视化 ,为突破产业制约、推动绿色养殖提供技术支撑。

关键词: 浅海底播养殖, 埋栖贝类, 采收技术, 研究进展, 发展对策

Abstract: As a major country in the cultivation of burying shellfish such as clams and razor clams,China's technology and equipment level in the harvesting process are directly related to the sustainable development of the industry. To enhance the sustainable development of the burying shellfish aquaculture,this study systematically reviews the mainstream shallow sea burying shellfish harvesting equipment(drag rake type,hydraulic type,rotary tooth type,propeller type,and vibration type) at home and abroad,analyzes their working principles,structural characteristics,and harvesting effects. By comparing the current research status of shallow sea shellfish harvesting equipment at home and abroad,this study reveals the bottlenecks of weak theoretical mechanism research,lack of ecological impact assessment,insufficient specialized design,and lagging intelligent control in domestic equipment. Propose a targeted independent research and development path:deepen the theory of fluid solid coupling in the harvesting process,and develop harvesting equipment suitable for China  s shallow sea bottom-sown mode ;Building an ecological benefit oriented“ harvesting restoration”collaborative system; Promote the integration of mechanization and intelligence technology,achieve precise control and visualization of harvesting trajectories,and provide technical support for breaking through industrial constraints and promoting green aquaculture.

Key words: shallow sea bottom-sown aquaculture, burying shellfish, harvesting technology, research progress, development strategy