Abstract:  In view of the characteristics of high salinity of suspended particles in the tail water discharged from high-density intensive aquaculture, and the low efficiency and high cost of traditional tail water treatment equipment, this study designed a centrifugal desalting and slag collection machine integrating centrifugal dehydration, high-pressure spraying and negative-pressure collection, completed the structural design and control system of the equipment, and made a prototype to carry out performance tests. The raw water mixed with feed and seawater is used to simulate the actual tail water, and the collection rate, desalination rate and water content of treated solid particles of the equipment are taken as indicators. By using the single factor experimental design method, the performance test is carried out under the working conditions of the same equipment operating parameters and different liquid-solid concentration ratios, and the treated solid particles are dried to calculate the index value of the equipment. The results show that the equipment has a good effect of solid-liquid separation and salt reduction. The collection rate of solid particles in aquaculture tail water can reach over 65%, the desalination rate is over 80%, and the water content of treated solid particles is about 65%. The research shows that the equipment can significantly reduce the pollution risk of water and soil caused by direct discharge of tail water, and realize the resource utilization of tail water tailings, which has a good prospect of popularization and application.

Key words: aquaculture tailwater, salt reduction and dewatering, solid-liquid separation, resource utilization 

摘要： 针对高密度集约化水产养殖业排放尾水中悬浮颗粒物盐分高，传统尾水处理装置效率低下、成本高的问题，设计了一种集成离心脱水、高压喷淋和负压收集功能于一体的离心脱盐集渣一体机，完成了装备的结构设计及控制系统，并试制了样机开展性能试验。通过以饲料和海水混合的原水模拟实际尾水，以装备的收集率、脱盐率和处理后的固体颗粒物含水率为指标，采用单因素试验设计方法，在装备运行参数相同，液固浓度比不同的工况下进行性能测试试验，处理后的固体颗粒物进行烘干处理，以计算装备的指标数值。结果显示：该装备具有良好的固液分离和降盐效果，对水产养殖尾水中固体颗粒的收集率可达65%以上，脱盐率超过80%，处理后的固体颗粒物含水率65%左右。研究表明，该装备能显著降低尾水直接排放对水体和土壤的污染风险，可实现尾水尾渣的资源化利用，有较好的推广应用前景。

关键词: 水产养殖尾水, 降盐脱水, 固液分离, 资源化利用