Abstract: The sea cucumber industry is a pivotal sector in China's fishery economy, yet the insufficient mechanization level in aquaculture and fishing has become a critical bottleneck. This study systematically reviews the technological advancements in sea cucumber aquaculture and fishing equipment. It first analyzes the technical features of automatic feeding systems and automatic pool transfer machines in industrialized aquaculture, while comparing the efficiency, advantages, and limitations of various fishing methods and operational mechanisms in marine operations. Subsequently, the study highlights key technological innovations, elucidating how kinematic simulation technology optimizes equipment structures and demonstrating how underwater target recognition enhances fishing precision. Finally, three strategic development pathways are proposed: optimization of critical components in engineering aquaculture equipment, integrated innovation in intelligent fishing technologies, and establishment of equipment evaluation frameworks. The findings provide theoretical foundations and technical references for advancing automation and intelligence in sea cucumber aquaculture and fishing equipment.

Key words: sea cucumber, fishing robot, kinematic simulation, underwater target recognition

摘要： 海参产业是中国渔业经济的主导产业之一，养殖采捕环节装备化水平不足已成为制约产业发展的关键瓶颈。系统梳理了海参养殖采捕装备的技术发展现状，首先从工厂化养殖和海区采捕两大方向，分析了海参工厂化自动投饲装备和自动倒池机的技术特征，对比了海参采捕装备不同捕获方式、运动及操控方式的优劣及作业效能；其次聚焦关键技术创新，阐释运动学仿真技术对装备结构优化的支撑作用，揭示水下目标识别技术对采捕精准度的提升机制；最后围绕工程化养殖装备关键部件优化、智能化采捕技术集成创新、装备应用评价体系构建3个层面提出了技术发展路径。研究结果可为海参养殖采捕装备的自动化升级和智能化转型提供理论依据与技术参考。

关键词: 海参, 采捕机器人, 运动学仿真, 水下目标识别