Abstract: Freshwater pond aquaculture water pollution has become an important factor restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. Using engineering facilities to reduce the discharge of aquaculture feces, leftover feed  and tail water is the development trend for pond industry. At present, freshwater pond aquaculture emission reduction projects mainly include: constructed wetland based pond recirculation  culture-system, "three ponds and two dams" water purification system, "container + ecological pond" aquaculture system, green and efficient captive system, plant floating bed and pond integrated aquaculture system, tank-pond circulating aquaculture system and multi-trophic level integrated aquaculture system. In this paper, these 7 popular engineering facilities were reviewed and analyzed from the perspectives of aquaculture system engineering construction and operation. With these facilities, some of the nutrients were reused to certain extent by collecting sewage, discharging sewage, precipitation, microbial degradation and plant absorption. However, limited by technical defects and industrial foundation, the current popularization and utilization rate of the facilities for pond aquaculture and emission reduction is not high. This paper suggests that, in future, we should strengthen the basic research on nitrogen and phosphorus circulation in pond, actively develop efficient treatment facilities for aquaculture nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and improve the industrial chain of pond aquaculture emission reduction projects. This study will provide references for the sustainable and healthy freshwater pond aquaculture development in China.
 

Key words: freshwater aquaculture pond, constructed wetland, container style aquaculture, captive style aquaculture, plant-floating bed, multi-level comprehensive aquaculture, circulating system in pond

摘要： 淡水池塘养殖水体污染已成为制约产业健康持续发展的重要因素，利用工程设施减少池塘养殖粪便、残饲和尾水排放是未来产业发展趋势。目前，淡水池塘养殖减排工程主要包括：基于人工湿地的池塘循环水养殖系统、“三池两坝”池塘养殖水体净化系统、“集装箱+生态池塘”养殖系统、绿色高效圈养系统、植物浮床-池塘复合养殖系统、流水槽-池塘内循环养殖系统、多营养层次综合养殖系统。本研究着重从养殖系统工程构建、运行原理角度，分析上述7种常见工程设施特征。这些设施通过集污、排污、沉淀、微生物降解、植物吸收，在一定程度上，将部分营养元素资源化再利用。受限于技术缺陷、产业基础等，目前池塘养殖减排工程设施推广普及率不高。建议应加强池塘氮、磷等物质循环方面的基础性研究，积极研发池塘氮、磷污染物高效处理设施，完善池塘养殖减排工程产业链。本研究可为中国淡水池塘产业持续健康发展提供参考。

关键词: 淡水池塘, 人工湿地, 集装箱养殖, 圈养模式, 植物浮床, 多层次综合养殖, 池塘内循环系统