Fishery Modernization ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 140-151. doi: 10.26958/j.cnki.1007-9580.2026.02.014
Abstract: At present, the processing of shells for laver seedling cultivation mainly relies on manual edge milling and drilling, which is inefficient and poses safety risks. Therefore, this study designed an automatic shell milling and drilling device for laver seedling cultivation integrated with a PLC control system. The working principle of the device is explained, and structural design and strength verification of the core components of the device are carried out based on theoretical calculation and finite element analysis methods.By building a prototype, the shell breakage rate was used as the test index, and a Box-Behnken experimental design method was adopted to conduct significance tests on the drilling speed, drill feed rate, milling cutter speed, and shell self-rotation speed. The test results were analyzed and optimized to determine the value range of each factor. The test results show that the device operates stably as a whole. Under the optimized experimental conditions of a drilling speed of 3300 r/min, a feed rate of 0.65 mm/s, a milling cutter speed of 4800 r/min, and a self-rotation speed of 11 r/min, the shell breakage rate is only 1.75%, meeting the requirements for productization of shell drilling and milling processing.Research shows that this automatic drilling and milling device has good machining performance, can significantly reduce the breakage rate in the processing of shells used for purple laver seedling cultivation, and has a good application prospect.
Key words: shells for laver seedling cultivation, automatic drilling and milling device, drilling mechanism, milling edge mechanism
摘要： 目前用于紫菜育苗贝壳加工主要依靠人工铣边钻孔、作业效率低且存在安全隐患。为此，本研究设计了一种集成PLC控制系统的紫菜育苗贝壳自动铣钻装置，对该装置的工作原理进行了阐述，并基于理论计算与有限元分析方法对装置核心部件进行了结构设计与强度校核。通过搭建试验样机，以破损率为试验指标，采用Box-Behnken 试验设计方法开展关于钻头转速、钻头进给量、铣刀转速和贝壳自转速度的显著性试验，将试验结果进行显著分析与优化，确定了各因素的取值范围。试验结果显示：装置整体工作稳定，采用钻头转速3 300 r/min、进给量0.65 mm/s、铣刀转速4 800 r/min、自转转速11 r/min的优化组合试验工况，贝壳破损率仅为1.75 %，满足贝壳钻铣加工产品化要求。研究表明，该自动钻铣装置具有良好的加工性能，能够显著降紫菜育苗用贝壳加工过程中的破损率，具有较好的应用前景。
