摘要： 在深远海养殖网箱提升过程中 ,水深骤变引发的水压减小可能对闭鳔鱼类造成严重应激甚至死亡 , 已成为制约养殖效益提升的关键瓶颈 。以大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)为对象 ,构建实验室内气压模拟系统 ,模拟网箱从 20 m 水深(200 kPa)上浮至水面的全过程压力变化 ,开展匀速减压与梯度减压两类试验 , 系统评估不同减压速率和暂停策略对鱼体行为、生理响应及存活率的影响 。试验全程录像 ,结合图像处理提取瞬时游泳速度、探头频率、尾动频率等行为指标 ,量化应激状态与恢复过程 。结果显示 : 匀速减压组中 ,10 kPa/min 速率下大黄鱼行为最稳定 ,平均游泳速度为 0. 028 m/s,探头频率为 18 次/min,尾动频率为 1. 608 次/s;梯度减压组中 ,减压至 50 kPa 暂停 5 min 能有效缓冲压力变化 ,游泳速度由 0. 085 降至 0. 037 m/s,探头频率由 31. 106 降至 1 次/min,尾动频率由 1. 562 降至 0. 521 次/s,应激恢复效果最佳;在匀速与梯度试验中 ,只有 50 kPa 暂停组超半数个体在暂停阶段出现恢复性行为反应 ,其他处理组无类似表现 。研究表明 ,相比于匀速减压 ,在 50 kPa 设置短暂停留的策略可进一步优化平衡鱼体健康 ,为深远海养殖中减压操作参数的设定提供了基础理论依据与实践参考。

关键词: 大黄鱼, 深远海养殖, 闭鳔鱼类, 行为应激反应, 网箱升网策略

Abstract: Rapid decompression resulting from abrupt depth changes during the ascent of deep - sea aquaculture cages can induce severe stress or even mortality in physoclistous fish,becoming a critical bottleneck in the development of offshore aquaculture. In this study, Larimichthys crocea was used as a model species to investigate behavioral and physiological responses under different decompression rates and staged decompression strategies. A laboratory-based hyperbaric simulation system was constructed to replicate the ascent process from 20 m depth(200 kPa) to the surface. Two decompression modes constant rate and staged decompression were designed, with behavioral responses recorded and quantified using image processing techniques. Key metrics included instantaneous swimming speed,surface probing frequency,and tail beat frequency. Results showed that under constant-rate decompression,fish exhibited the most stable behavior at 10 kPa/min,with an average swimming speed of 0. 028 m/s, probing frequency of 18 times/min, and tail beat frequency of 1. 61 Hz. In the staged decompression group,a 5-minute pause at 50 kPa ( approx. 5 m depth) significantly alleviated stress,with swimming speed decreasing from 0. 085 to 0. 037 m/s,probing frequency from 31. 11 to 1 time/min,and tail beat frequency from 1. 56 to 0. 52 Hz. Over half of the individuals displayed clear behavioral recovery during the pause,a pattern not observed in other treatments.These findings indicate that a decompression strategy combining a moderate rate( 10 kPa/min) with a brief pressure hold at 50 kPa can effectively balance operational efficiency and animal welfare. This study provides a scientific basis for decompression management during cage lifting in the offshore farming of L. crocea and other physoclistous fish.

Key words: Larimichthys crocea, offshore aquaculture, physoclistous fish, behavioral stress response, cage ascent strategy