摘要： 牡蛎在贝类养殖品种中产量居首位，具有显著的经济价值。然而，现有养殖设施存在标准化与机械化程度低、抗风浪能力弱等问题，严重制约了牡蛎养殖产业的可持续发展。本研究设计了一种升降式牡蛎养殖平台，并通过物理模型试验，系统研究了该平台在不同波浪参数、吃水及系泊型式下的水动力特性。研究结果表明：养殖平台的运动响应和锚绳力与波高和周期呈正相关，但增长率随周期增加而减小；在相同工况下，垂荡和纵摇变化幅度更为剧烈；在极端海况下，养殖平台从漂浮状态过渡至下潜状态时，纵荡、垂荡、纵摇和锚绳力分别降低了27.32%、45.89%、42.32%和18.47%，抗风浪能力显著增强，其中垂荡和纵摇运动的减弱效果最为显著；与张紧系泊条件相比，松弛系泊条件下的运动响应和锚绳力相对较低，且增幅接近线性关系。本研究为牡蛎养殖平台的研制提供理论支撑，对其他贝类养殖平台的设计研究也具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词: 牡蛎养殖平台, 升降式, 水动力特性, 模型试验

Abstract: Oysters hold the top position in terms of production among shellfish farming species, demonstrating significant economic value. However, current farming facilities face challenges such as low levels of standardization and mechanization, as well as fragility to wind and waves. These issues severely limit the sustainable development of the oyster farming industry. In this research, an elevating oyster farming platform was meticulously designed. Subsequently, the physical model test method was employed to comprehensively investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the platform under various wave parameters, drafts, and mooring configurations. The research indicates that the motion responses and mooring line forces of the farming platform are positively correlated with wave height and period. In contrast, the growth rates of the motion responses and mooring line forces are negatively correlated with the period. Under identical working conditions, the amplitude of heave and pitch motion changes more dramatically. Under extreme sea conditions, when the farming platform transitions from the floating state to the submerged state, the surge, heave, pitch, and mooring line forces are reduced by 27.32%, 45.89%, 42.32%, and 18.47%, respectively. This transition significantly enhances the platform's capacity of withstanding wind and waves. Notably, the attenuation effects on the heave and pitch motions are the most pronounced. The motion responses and mooring line forces of the slack mooring farming platform are relatively lower than those under the tension mooring condition. Moreover, their increase exhibits an approximately linear relationship. This research not only provides a theoretical support for the development of oyster farming platforms but also offers a critical reference value for the design and research of other shellfish farming platforms.

Key words: oyster farming platform, elevating, hydrodynamic characteristics, model experiment