摘要： 为探究育苗池气力提升吸污装备作业过程中的气液固三相流动特性，建立管道式气提吸污装置的结构优化方法，采用Fluent计算流体动力学工具，基于欧拉多相流模型以及稠密离散相（DDPM）模型，分析气力提升池底吸污装备结构形式对于吸污性能的影响。试验结果显示：气提管路内的气液固三相流动过程分为初始阶段、泄压阶段、提升阶段和稳定阶段；气提管路的开孔直径、开孔数量与间距、离底高度将直接影响气提吸污性能，适当调整开孔间距将有利于改善气提吸污效果；气提管路的开孔直径的最优值约为4 mm；气提管路开孔数量增加2.5倍，则气提系统效率将降低27.2%；而气提管路离底高度增加3倍，则气提系统效率将降低31.6%，因此应避免增加气提管路开孔数量与离底高度。

关键词: 育苗池, 池底清污, 水动力, 多相流特性, 气提效率

Abstract: To explore the gas - liquid - solid three - phase flow characteristics during the operation of the pneumatic lift sludge suction equipment in the hatchery tank and establish a structural optimization method for the pipeline gas lift sludge suction device, the Fluent computational fluid dynamics tool was used. Based on the Euler multi - phase flow model and the dense discrete phase (DDPM) model, the influence of the structural form of the pneumatic lift pool bottom sludge suction equipment on the sludge suction performance was analyzed. The test results show that: the gas - liquid - solid three - phase flow process within the air - lift pipeline can be divided into the initial stage, pressure relief stage, lifting stage, and stable stage. The diameter, number, and spacing of the openings in the air - lift pipeline, as well as the height from the bottom, directly affect its sludge suction performance. Appropriate adjustment of the opening spacing can enhance the effectiveness of sludge suction. The optimal diameter for the openings in the air - lift pipeline is approximately 4 mm. Increasing the number of openings in the air - lift pipeline by 2.5 times results in a 27.2% decrease in the efficiency of the air - lift system. In contrast, increasing the height of the pipeline from the bottom by 3 times leads to a 31.6% reduction in system efficiency. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid increasing the number of openings and the height from the bottom in the air - lift pipeline.

Key words: nursery tank, cleaning the bottom of the tank, hydrodynamic, multi-phase flow characteristics, air lift efficiency