摘要： 为深入研究不同辐照度和光谱对刺参行为和生理的潜在影响，设置了黑暗对照组、红光试验组（1.0 W/m²、2.5 W/m² 和 4.0 W/m² ）和白光试验组（1.0 W/m²、2.5 W/m² 和 4.0 W/m² ），利用自制装置，进行了觅食、翻身、运动行为试验，提取了刺参褪黑激素和皮质醇激素，试验周期37 d。结果显示：红光条件下刺参在觅食成功率、觅食速度以及对外界刺激的响应能力上的表现均优于白光和黑暗组。在红光2.5 W/m²的光照条件下，刺参的综合表现最优。与白光和黑暗组相比，红光组刺参运动速度更快、等时运动路程更长。红光组刺参的皮质醇含量高于白光组和黑暗组，而褪黑激素含量则未表现出显著差异（P>0.05）。在稚参培育阶段建议采用红光光谱，并将辐照度设定为2.5 W/m²，养殖环境应避免使用辐照度过高的光照。本研究不仅为了解刺参活动习性及生长所需的最适光环境条件提供了科学依据，同时也为刺参增养殖业的可持续发展提供了参考。

关键词: 刺参, 辐照度, 光谱, 行为, 生理

Abstract: To investigate the potential effects of varying irradiance levels and spectral compositions on the behavior and physiology of Apostichopus japonicus, a comprehensive study was undertaken. Experimental groups were established, including a dark control group, a red light treatment group (with irradiance levels of 1.0 W/m², 2.5 W/m², and 4.0 W/m²), and a white light treatment group (also at 1.0 W/m², 2.5 W/m², and 4.0 W/m²). Utilizing a custom-designed apparatus, we assessed feeding behavior, turning ability, and locomotor activity. Additionally, melatonin and cortisol levels were measured in Apostichopus japonicus over a 37-day trial period. The results indicated that under red light conditions, Apostichopus japonicus demonstrated enhanced performance in terms of feeding success rate, feeding speed, and responsiveness to external stimuli when compared to both the white light and dark conditions. Notably, at an irradiance level of 2.5 W/m² in red light, Apostichopus japonicus exhibited optimal overall performance. The red light treatment group displayed significantly faster movement speeds and longer travel distances within equivalent time frames compared to the white light and dark groups. Furthermore, the cortisol levels in the red light group were elevated relative to those in the white light and dark groups, while no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in melatonin content. Based on these findings, it is recommended to employ the red light spectrum during the juvenile cultivation phase of Apostichopus japonicus, with an optimal irradiance level of 2.5 W/m². Additionally, it is advisable to avoid excessively high irradiance levels within the farming environment. This study not only provides a scientific foundation for understanding the optimal light conditions required for the behavioral patterns and growth of Apostichopus japonicus but also offers valuable insights for the sustainable development of its aquaculture.

Key words: Apostichopus japonicus, Light intensity, Spectrum, Behavior, Hormone