摘要： 研究鱼类的游泳运动对于指导实际生产具有重要的参考价值。本试验通过自制游泳装置来研究在不同体质量（10、15、20和25 g）和不同温度（12、16、20、24和28℃）下幼鱼的游泳能力及行为，并探讨在0.12、0.24、0.36和0.48 m/s流速下的幼鱼随时长的代谢情况。结果显示：4个规格幼鱼的临界游泳速度(UC)分别为0.42±0.03、0.47±0.01、0.53±0.03和0.62±0.01m/s，爆发游泳速度(UB)分别为0.53±0.06、0.56±0.02、0.60±0.02和0.72±0.01 m/s。幼鱼UC和UB随体质量增加游泳能力显著提高。5个温度组下25 g幼鱼的UC和UB随温度的升高呈上升后下降趋势，24℃时UC和UB达到最大值且与其他组差异显著（P＜0.05）。随着流速的增加尾鳍、背鳍和臀鳍的摆动频率不断加快，摆尾频率的4个流速组之间差异显著（P＜0.05），背鳍和臀鳍的摆动频率高于尾鳍，0.24~0.48 m/s组的背鳍和臀鳍相邻之间差异不显著。有流速的趋流率明显高于静水组，各流速组无显著差别。幼鱼长时间处于0.36 m/s和0.48 m/s流速下时，会加剧体内糖原和血糖的消耗并出现无氧代谢过程。研究表明绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼具有较强的游泳能力，养殖中要控制瞬间水流不要超过其UB也不能长期处于其UC，从代谢方面来看乳酸的积累会对鱼体内造成伤害，因此在养殖过程幼鱼不宜长期处于高于0.36 m/s的流速环境中，当然要参考水温和鱼规格来对水流速进行调整。

关键词: 绿鳍马面鲀, 游泳行为, 游泳能力, 能量代谢

Abstract:  It is important to study the effect of flow rate on the swimming movement of juvenile Thamnaconus septentrionalis. In this experiment, a self-made swimming device was used to study the swimming ability and behavior of juvenile fishes at different body weights (10, 15, 20, and 25 g) and different temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28℃), and to investigate the metabolism of juvenile fishes at the flow rates of 0.12, 0.24, 0.36 and 0.48 m/s at any time. The results show: The critical swimming speed (UC) of the four sizes were 0.42±0.03, 0.47±0.01, 0.53±0.03, and 0.62±0.01m/s, respectively. Burst swimming velocity (UB) was 0.53±0.06, 0.56±0.02, 0.60±0.02 and 0.72±0.01 m/s, respectively. The swimming ability of juvenile UC and UB was significantly improved with the increase in body mass. The UC and UB of juvenile fish at 25 g at five temperature groups increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature, and reached the maximum value at 24℃, which was significantly different from that of other groups (P < 0.05). The oscillation frequency of the caudal fin, dorsal fin, and anal fin increased with the increase in flow velocity, and the oscillation frequency of the caudal fin was significantly different among the four flow velocity groups (P < 0.05). The oscillation frequency of the dorsal fin and anal fin was higher than that of the caudal fin, and there was no significant difference between the adjacent dorsal fin and anal fin in the 0.24-0.48 m/s group. The trend rate with flow velocity was significantly higher than that with static water, and there was no significant difference among flow velocity groups. Juvenile fish at a flow rate of 0.36 m/s and 0.48 m/s for a long time will increase the consumption of glycogen and blood sugar in vivo and show anaerobic metabolism. Studies show that juvenile Thamnaconus septentrionalis has strong swimming ability, and it is necessary to control the instantaneous current not to exceed UB and not to be in UC for a long time. From the perspective of metabolism, lactic acid accumulation will cause harm to fish. Thus, juvenile fish should not be in a flow rate higher than 0.36m/s for a long time in the breeding process and the flow rate of the water should be adjusted regarding the water temperature and fish specifications

Key words: Thamnaconus septentrionalis, Swimming behavior, swimming ability, Energy metabolism