摘要： 随着中国经济的迅猛发展，来自工业、农业和生活的污水不断增多，渔业水域生态环境受到不同程度污染，生态系统健康受到影响。国内外广大学者为此开展了关于渔业水域生态修复方面的众多研究，但缺乏渔业水域生态修复的设备可供利用。研发了一套太阳能水层交换装置，通过曝气的方式推动水体流动，实现上下水层交换，促进有机污染物的有氧降解、净化水质，为沉水植物的生长提供适宜环境，改善不同水域之间的生态联系。该设备以太阳能为动力，全自动定时循环启动，具有结构简单、曝气时间长、动力效率高等特点。2022年9月连续测定试验河道水体中水质状况，分析了太阳能水层交换装置对河道水动力，溶氧含量、氮磷含量的影响。结果显示：该装置每天平均工作时长达8 h，设备周围水体总氮、总磷和氨氮分别与同时期对照组相比降低29.02%、31.25%、62.12%，安装设备的水体中溶氧明显提高，河道中水流流速增加2倍以上，上下水层交换效果明显。研究表明，太阳能水层交换装置有效解决了河道水流流通性不畅等问题，改善了水体环境，对河道水体的生态恢复有积极作用。

关键词: 太阳能, 水层交换, 曝气增氧, 水体流动, 生态修复

Abstract: With the continuous growth of China's economy, the number of sewage from industry, agriculture and life is increasing, which polluted the ecological environment of fishery waters in varying degrees, and affected the health of ecosystems. For this reason, scholars at home and abroad have carried out many studies on ecological restoration of fishery waters, but there is a lack of equipment for ecological restoration of fishery waters. This paper designed and developed a set of solar energy device, which can exchange the upper and lower water layer after a theoretical analysis. It can promote water flow through aeration, and the exchange of upper and lower water layer can promote aerobic degradation of organic pollutants, which purifies water quality, provides a suitable environment for the growth of submerged plants, and improves the ecological relationship between different waters. The equipment was powered by a solar energy, and can be started automatically and periodically. It has the characteristics of simple structure, long aeration time and high power efficiency. In September 2022, the water quality in the water body of the test river was continuously measured, and the influence of the solar water layer exchange device on the river hydrodynamics, dissolved oxygen content, nitrogen and phosphorus content was analyzed. The results showed that the average working time of the device was up to 8 hours per day, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen in the water around the device were reduced by 29.02%, 31.25% and 62.12%, respectively, in comparison with the control group. The device increased the dissolved oxygen significantly, and the flow velocity in the channel was increased by more than 2 times, showing the exchange effect of upper and lower layers was obvious. The test showed that the device had effectively solved the problem of river flow fluidity, improved the water environment, and played a positive role in the ecological restoration of river water.

Key words: solar energy, water layer exchange, aeration aeration, water flow, ecological restoration