摘要： 在深海围网养殖过程中，围网网衣容易滋生很多附着物，影响围网内外部水体流动交换，附着物还会加重网衣重量，受海浪冲击时可能造成网衣破损。针对围网网衣清洗难的问题设计了一套围网网衣清洗装备。该装备采用水射流清洗技术，根据选取的高压泵（额定流量 50 L/min，额定压力20 MPa）应用水动力学计算该装备喷嘴的理论直经与水射流理论打击力，加工样机进行水射流打击力对比实验来确定其最优喷嘴出水口形状和直径。结果显示：该设备在选配0.8 mm的圆柱形喷嘴时能与该高压泵的额定压力流量相匹配，可对该泵的压力流量进行最大化利用。表明该设备在水下清洗时配有0.8 mm的圆柱形喷嘴能产生的射流打击力最大，且在靶距保持在10 mm内清洗效果最好，并为水射流清洗研究提供参考意义。

关键词: 围网网衣, 清洗装备, 喷嘴孔径, 高压水射流, 打击力

Abstract: In the process of deep-sea purse seine culture, purse seine nets are easy to breed many attachments, which will affect the flow and exchange of water inside and outside the purse seine, and the attachments will also increase the weight of the nets, which may cause damage to the nets when impacted by the waves. Aiming at the problem of difficult to clean purse seine net, a set of purse seine net cleaning equipment has been designed. The equipment adopts the water jet cleaning technology. According to the selected high-pressure pump (rated flow 50 L/min, rated pressure 20 MPa), the theoretical straight diameter of the nozzle of the equipment and the theoretical impact force of the water jet are calculated by using hydrodynamics. The processing prototype carries out the water jet impact force comparison experiment to determine the optimal nozzle outlet shape and diameter. The results show that the equipment can match the rated pressure and flow of the high-pressure pump when the cylindrical nozzle of 0.8 mm is selected, and the pressure and flow of the pump can be maximized. It shows that when the equipment is equipped with a 0.8mm cylindrical nozzle during underwater cleaning, the jet impact force can be the largest, and the cleaning effect is the best when the target distance is kept within 10mm, which provides a reference for the research of water jet cleaning.

Key words: net washing equipment, nozzle aperture, high pressure water jet, strike force