摘要： 桁杆拖网是南极磷虾连续泵吸系统中的关键部分。为探究桁杆拖网结构与部件对网具水动力性能的影响，在基于网口背部水平扩张相同的前提下，通过缩减网口腹部网目数，缩短下纲长度设计了3种桁杆拖网网口规格，桁杆长度为20 m，下纲长度分别为20.0 m（1号）、18.2 m（2号）、17.6 m（3号）。按照田内相似准则制作模型网，在3种沉力条件和5档流速下进行模型试验。结果显示：相同拖速与沉力条件下3号网扫海面积与1号网接近，2号网扫海面积较小。沉力对桁杆拖网的阻力、网口高度、扫海面积存在极显著影响（P＜0.01），对能耗系数无显著性影响，适当增大沉力可以提高网具的垂直扩张性能；拖速对网具阻力、网口高度、扫海面积和能耗系数的影响极显著（P＜0.01），3种网口结构的网具阻力与拖速均呈幂函数关系，指数介于0.778 4～0.859 3，阻力递增斜率变化较小。综上分析，缩短南极磷虾桁杆拖网下纲长度后有利于南极磷虾桁杆拖网垂直扩张性能提高，有利于提高网具稳定性，有利于增加拖网有效扫海面积，有利于提高渔具综合捕捞效率。

关键词: 南极磷虾, 桁杆拖网, 水动力性能, 模型试验

Abstract: beam trawl is a pivotal part of the continuous pumping system for Antarctic krill. To investigate the influence of the structure and components of the beam trawl on the hydrodynamic performance of the trawl, three types of trawl mouse sizes were designed by reducing the number of mesh in the abdominal part of the trawl and shortening the footline length based on the premise of the same horizontal expansion of the back of the net opening, with a beam length of 20 m and footline lengths of 20.0 m (No.1), 18.2 m (No.2) and 17.6 m (No.3). Model nets were made according to the Tauti similarity criterion, and model tests were conducted under three sink force conditions and five towing speed. The results showed that the sweeping area of No.3 net was similar to that of No.1 net under the same towing speed and sink force conditions, and the sweeping area of No.2 net was smaller. The effect of sink force on the resistance, net opening, and sweeping area of the team trawl was highly significant (P < 0.01), there was no significant effect on the energy consumption coefficient, and the vertical expansion performance of the net could be improved by increasing the sinking force appropriately; The effect of drag speed on the resistance, net opening, sweeping area and energy consumption coefficient of the net was highly significant (P < 0.01), and the resistance of all three net mouse structures showed a power function relationship with drag speed, with exponents ranging from 0.7784 to 0.8593, and the slope of increasing resistance varied less. In summary, the shortening of the length of the lower outline of the Antarctic krill beam trawl is conducive to the improvement of the vertical expansion performance of the Antarctic krill beam trawl, the improvement of gear stability, the increase of the effective area swept by the trawl, and the improvement of the comprehensive fishing efficiency of the gear.

Key words: antarctic krill, beam trawl, hydrodynamic performance, model test