摘要： 摄食行为是鱼类重要的行为活动之一，通过摄食声信号对不同种类的鱼类摄食行为做出量化分析，可判断鱼群集群密度以及提高水产养殖中鱼类饵料利用效率。该研究使用摄像机和水听器同步监测大口黑鲈的摄食行为，将声音和图像相结合，采用声像同步方法探究不同养殖密度下大口黑鲈摄食行为和声信号之间的关系。结果发现：不同个体的大口黑鲈摄食声信号与环境中背景噪声可区分的频率范围为1~10 kHz，大口黑鲈的摄食声信号脉宽主要集中在3 ms之内，不同体长的大口黑鲈在第一共振峰的差异性最小。大口黑鲈的摄食发声频率与养殖密度无关，不同养殖密度下大口黑鲈摄食的发声频谱范围均为1~10 kHz。不同养殖密度下的大口黑鲈摄食声信号声压级有所不同，摄食声压级大小与养殖密度大小呈线性正相关。

关键词: 水产养殖, 大口黑鲈, 摄食行为, 声信号

Abstract: Feeding behavior is one of the important behaviors of fish. Through quantitative analysis of feeding behaviors of different kinds of fish based on feeding sound signals, one can judge the density of the fish cluster and improve the utilization efficiency of fish feed in aquaculture. In this study, cameras and hydrophones were used synchronously to monitor the feeding behavior of largemouth bass, and acoustic synchronization method was used to explore the relationship between feeding behaviors and sound signals of largemouth bass at different breeding densities. It was found that the frequency range of different largemouth bass feeding signals and background noise in the environment was 1-10 kHz. The pulse width of largemouth bass feeding signals was mainly concentrated within 3ms, and the difference of largemouth bass with different body length was the least in the first formogram. The phonation frequency of largemouth bass was not correlated with its density. The phonation frequency range of largemouth bass was 1-10 kHz at different densities. The SPL of feeding sound signals of largemouth bass varied under different densities, and there was a positive linear correlation between SPL and density.

Key words: Aquaculture, Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), Feeding behavior, Acoustic signal