摘要： 目前，大水面捕捞方式主要以人工捕捞、地笼、刺网、拖网为主，劳动强度大，工作效率低，无法满足可调控捕捞的要求。通过分析大型湖泊、水库鱼类的生活习性，设计制作了一套通过改变网孔规格大小而达到大水面可调控的捕捞装置。该装置由小网孔的拦河网制作而成，底部由套裹小石砾的网压实沉底，四周再由浮筒搭建成捕捞平台以方便后期捕捞。该装置捕捞不分淡旺季，可随时起捕，具有制造简单、成本低、材料来源广等优点。通过与传统“刺网+地笼”捕捞方式同时进行鱼类捕获试验对比，并测量鱼类的全长、体长和体质量3个生物学体征指标。结果显示：当需要大规格鱼类（全长10 cm以上）捕捞时，可调控捕捞装置单次捕捞鱼质量是传统“刺网+地笼”捕捞方式的1.30倍（P=0.002＜0.01），捕捞数量是后者的2.95倍，存活率是后者的3.5倍；当需要小规格（全长1 cm以上）鱼类捕捞时，可调控捕捞装置中的鱼类数量、质量、种类明显大于“刺网+地笼”捕捞方式，存活率也明显提升。研究表明，该捕捞装置在选择性捕捞及全部捕捞时捕捞量（数量、质量、种类）均大于普通捕捞方式，存在极显著性差异，初步满足了调控捕捞的要求，为大水面鱼类可调控捕捞装置的设计提供参考。

关键词: 可调控捕捞, 大水面, 淡水渔业, 捕鱼装置, 传统网具

Abstract: At present, freshwater fishing are mainly carried out by artificial capture, using ground cages, gill nets and trawls, which are high labor intensive and  low in efficiency, and can not meet the requirements of adjustable fishing in large open waters. By analyzing the living habits of fish in large lakes and reservoirs, this paper designed and made a set of fishing device on large water surface that is adjustable by changing the mesh size. The device is made of a small mesh river blocking net, the bottom is compacted and sunk by a net wrapped with small gravel, and then a fishing platform is built around by a pontoon to facilitate later fishing. The device can catch at any time regardless of slack or peak seasons, and has the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, easy material sources and so on. Compared with the traditional "gill net + ground cage" fishing method, a fish capture experiment was carried out at the same time, and the three biological signs of fish were measured: total length, body length and body weight. The results show that when large-size fish (total length more than 10cm) fishing is required, the single catch amount of adjustable fishing device is 1.30 times (P = 0.002 < 0.01), the quantity 2.95 times and the survival 3.5 times, higher than the traditional method,. When small size (total length more than 1cm) fish fishing is required, the number, weight and species of fish by the adjustable fishing device are significantly greater than those by "gill net + ground cage", and the survival rate is also significantly improved. In conclusion, the fishing volume (quantity, weight and type) of adjustable fishing device in both selective fishing and all fishing is greater than that of ordinary nets, and the difference is significant. This device primarily  meets the requirements of adjustable fishing, and provides reference for the design of adjustable fishing device for large open waters.

Key words:  adjustable fishing, large water surface, freshwater fisheries, fishing gear, traditional net