渔业现代化杂志

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不同水力条件下海水人工湿地净化效果及其影响分析

  1. (1 上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海海洋大学国家海洋生物科学国际联合研究中心,上海 201306;
    2 农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266071)
  • 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 崔正国(1979—),研究员,博士,研究方向:人工湿地。 E-mail: cuizg@ysfri.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:贾军(1995—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:人工湿地。 E-mail: jiajunChina2020@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900500)、课题(2019YFD0900502、2020YFD0900603)资助。

Analysis of purification effects and influences of seawater constructed wetland under different hydraulic conditions#br#

  1. (1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China ;
    2 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China)
  • Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-11-24

摘要: 为进一步探究不同水力条件下海水人工湿地对养殖尾水的净化效果,本研究选用复合垂直潜流人工湿地处理牙鲆养殖尾水,在3种水力负荷(20m/d、40m/d、100m/d)条件下设置3种停留时间(1.5h、3.0h、4.5h),探讨了人工湿地对海水养殖尾水中氮、磷和化学需氧量(COD)等主要污染物的去除效果,并通过高通量测序技术分析了微生物的群落结构与脱氮的关系。结果显示:海水人工湿地系统脱氮除磷效果良好,溶解无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO43--P)和COD去除率随着水力负荷的增加而降低,且水力负荷对DIN去除率的影响比PO43--P和COD大;延长水力停留时间可提高DIN、PO43--P和COD去除率,对提高DIN去除率的影响尤为显著。水力负荷为20 m/d、水力停留时间为4.5 h时可实现DIN、PO43--P和COD达标排放。pH等环境条件影响人工湿地微生物的分布,进而影响人工湿地脱氮效果。该研究可为人工湿地高效净化海水养殖尾水提供理论和技术参考。

关键词: 人工湿地, 水力条件, 微生物分布, 海水

Abstract: In order to further explore the purification effect of seawater constructed wetland on marine aquaculture wastewater under different hydraulic conditions, the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland was selected to treat the wastewater of Paralichthys olivaceus farming, and three HRTs (1.5h, 3.0h, 4.5h) were set under three levels of HLR (20m/d、40m/d、100m/d) to explore the removal effects of constructed wetland on nitrogen, phosphorus, COD and other main pollutants in mariculture wastewater. The relationship between microbial community structure and denitrification was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the seawater constructed wetland system had nice effects in nitrogen and phosphorus removing, the removal rates of DIN, PO43--P and COD decreased with the increase of HLR, and the effect of HLR on DIN removal rate is greater than that of PO43--P and COD. Extending HRT could improve the removal rates of DIN, PO43--P and COD, especially on the removal rate of DIN. The discharge standard of DIN、PO43--P and COD could be met when the HLR is 20 m/d and HRT 4.5 h. Environmental conditions such as pH affect the distribution of microorganisms in constructed wetlands, and thus affect the nitrogen removal efficiency of constructed wetlands. This study provides theoretical and technical reference for the efficient purification of mariculture wastewater by constructed wetlands.

Key words: constructed wetland, hydraulic conditions, microbial distribution, seawater