摘要： 传统滩涂养殖企业采捕贝类作业，由人工手持工具耙取后再捡拾，作业效率低，且存在安全隐患。设计了一种自走式滩涂贝类采捕机，该贝类采捕机由行走牵引和采捕作业两部分组成，在无水或浅水情况下，对埋栖生长的滩涂贝类进行采捕作业。通过将沙滩上带有贝类的沙土铲起并向后输送，随后采用两段方式对沙土清理作业，沙土在输送及清理过程中漏落，小规格贝类也可漏至滩涂表面继续生长，符合采捕规格贝类留下进入收集框，实现机械化采捕功能。生产样机在如东进行实地试验，结果显示，该采捕机械最大作业深度超过70 mm、生产效率0.087 hm2/h、采捕率93.2%、破碎率2.1%。该自走式滩涂贝类采捕机可满足滩涂养殖企业采捕作业需求。

关键词: 采捕机, 滩涂贝类, 贝类采捕, 自走式

Abstract: In the traditional harvesting operations of beach aquaculture enterprises, shellfish is raked and picked up by hand tools, the efficiency of which is rather low and there are potential safety hazards. In this study, a self-propelled beach shellfish harvester was designed composed of a walking traction and a collecting operator, and could catch the shellfish buried in sand when there was no water or shallow water. Sand containing shellfish on the beach would be scooped up and transported backward, and then cleaned by two-stage method. The sand leaked out in the process of transportation and cleaning, and small shellfish could also be screened out to the tidal flat surface to keep growing. The shellfish that meet the harvesting specifications were left in the collection box, and the mechanized harvesting was realized. The device prototype was tested in Rudong County. Results showed that, the maximum working depth of the harvester was more than 70mm, the production efficiency was 0.087 km2/h, the harvesting rate was 93.2%, and the crushing rate was 2.1%. This self-propelled shellfish harvester could meet the needs of beach aquaculture enterprises for better harvesting.

Key words: harvester, shoal shellfish, shellfish collection, self-walking