摘要： 挂桨渔船的传动装置以农用挂桨为主，挂桨上箱部及柴油机因密封问题导致的渗漏油污染量有限，螺旋桨缠绕异物导致尾轴封损坏后润滑油渗漏入水是挂桨渔船油污染的主要原因。为改善挂桨渗漏油问题，在综合分析挂桨漏油原因及提出初步改进措施的基础上，对挂桨的上箱部透气部件和下箱部尾轴封保护两个主要方面进行改进研究。在挂桨上箱部盖板增加呼吸器改进研究的基础上，采用小型装载机的透气帽代替自制帽，既增加润滑油的膨胀空间，又解决了搬运时泄漏、采购时费用高的问题。详细阐述挂桨下箱部尾轴橡胶密封与端盖处增加非接触式迷宫密封装置的措施，迷宫密封既可保护尾轴橡胶密封免受意外损坏，又可在尾轴橡胶密封损坏时减少尾轴润滑油渗漏速度。试验结果显示，挂桨上箱部盖板透气帽的改进以及挂桨下箱部的迷宫密封装置等措施有效解决了挂桨渗漏油问题。本研究实现了较小的改进成本解决挂桨污染大的问题，具有推广价值。

关键词: 节能减排, 渔船挂桨, 防渗漏油, 油污染 

Abstract: Most oar-hunging fishing boats are geared by agricultural oar-hungs. Oil pollution caused by the leakage of the upper gear-case of the oar-hung and the diesel engine is limited, and the main cause is the leakage of lubricating oil into the water when the tail-shaft rubber seals are damaged due to foreign matter entwined with the oars. In order to control the oil leakage of oar-hungs on fishing boats, based on the comprehensive analysis of oil leakage causes of oar-hungs and the thereby proposed improvement measures, the air permeability of the upper gear-case and the tail-shaft seals protection of the lower gear-case of the agricultural oar-hungs were improved. The air permeability cap for the small loader was used to optimize the previous improvement of adding suction apparatus to the cover plate of the upper gear-case of oar-hungs, which not only solved the problems of lubber oil expansion during operation, but also tackled the problems of leakage during handling and high cost during purchasing. The setting method of non-contact labyrinth sealing device at the tail-shaft rubber seals and end cover of the lower gear-case of the oar-hung was elaborated, the labyrinth seal can not only protect the shaft contact type rubber seals from accidental damage, but also reduce oil leakage speed when the rubber seals are damaged. The experimental results show that the improved schemes of the air permeability cap on the upper gear-case, the labyrinth seal on the lower gear-case and other improvement measures effectively solved the problems of oar-hung oil leakage. This study used relatively small costs in oar-hung transformation but solved the big oil pollution problem of oar-hungs, and could be further popularized.

Key words: energy-saving and emission-reduction, oar-hung on fishing boat, anti-oil leakage, oil pollution