摘要： 针对河蟹人工壳肉分离劳动强度大、效率低下且蟹肉易污染等问题，设计了一套河蟹去壳设备。根据河蟹的形体特征及物理特性，设计了可夹持河蟹的弹簧夹具；使用切割的方法对河蟹去背甲机构进行了设计；基于气压原理对蟹黄分离装置进行了设计；基于高压水喷射原理设计了除蟹鳃装置；并基于柔性体受压理论设计了一种仿生蟹身壳肉分离装置。为确定蟹黄气压分离装置和蟹身壳肉分离装置的最佳工作参数，以蟹黄移动距离和蟹身运动轨迹为指标分别对蟹黄气压分离装置和蟹身壳肉分离装置进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明：当气流速度为1 m/s时，可使蟹黄移动50 cm以上距离，能实现蟹黄的分离和收集；当挤压滚筒转速为30 r/min时，可使蟹身完成挤压从而分离蟹肉。该设计和研究将为后续的性能优化与提高提供参考和依据。

关键词: 河蟹, 去壳, 分离, 设计, 仿真

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency and easy pollution of crab meat in artificial shell meat separation of river crab, a set of river crab shelling []equipment was designed. According to the body and physical characteristics of river crab, a spring clamp was designed to hold the crab. The carapace removal mechanism of river crab was designed by cutting method. The separation apparatus of crab roe was designed based on the principle of air pressure. Based on the principle of high pressure water jet, the crab gill removal device was designed. Based on the theory of flexible body compression, a kind of bionic crab body shell and flesh separation device was designed. In order to determine the best working parameters of the crab roe air pressure separation device and the crab body shell and flesh separation device, the crab roe moving distance and the crab body movement track were taken as the indicators to carry out the simulation experiment of the two devices respectively. The simulation results show that the crab roe can move more than 50cm when the airflow velocity is greater than 1m/s, and the separation and collection of crab roe can be realized. When the rotating speed of the extrusion drum is 30r/min, the crab body can be extricated to separate the crab meat. The design and research will provide reference and basis for the subsequent performance optimization and improvement.

Key words: River crab, shelling, separation, design, simulation