摘要： 为解决集约化水产养殖池底部固体废弃物难以高效清除的问题，以矩形养殖池为研究对象，采用标准k–ε湍流模型与VOF自由液面模型耦合，构建二维瞬态数值模型，系统研究机械刮板排污装置的参数优化与效能提升。通过L25(5³)正交试验设计，考察刮板高度（6~14 cm）、倾角（−20°~+20°）和速度（0.05~0.09 m/s）等对颗粒体积分数、排污率的影响。结果显示：倾角对排污率影响最显著，最优参数为高度6 cm、倾角+10°、速度0.05 m/s，能够实现连续的颗粒迁移路径，达到最高排污率和最小残留。为了验证数值模型的精度与适用性，搭建物理试验平台并开展45组单因素试验，采用颗粒回收法量化排污率。试验结果与仿真趋势一致，偏差在5%~10%，验证了模型的可靠性。该研究为机械刮板排污装置的优化与工程设计提供了理论依据和数据支持，具有广泛的应用价值。

关键词: 矩形养殖池, 机械刮板, 仿真分析, 参数优化, 排污率

Abstract: This study addresses the challenge of efficiently removing bottom solid waste in intensive aquaculture tanks by focusing on rectangular aquaculture tanks. A two-dimensional transient model, coupling the standard k–ε turbulence model with the VOF free surface model, was developed to optimize a mechanical scraper discharge system. Using an L25(5³) orthogonal design, the effects of scraper height (6–14 cm), tilt angle (−20° to +20°), and speed (0.05–0.09 m/s) on particle distribution and discharge efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the tilt angle had the most significant impact, with the optimal parameters being 6 cm height, +10° tilt, and 0.05 m/s speed, achieving the highest efficiency and minimal residue. To validate the numerical model, 45 single-factor tests were conducted on a physical platform using particle recovery to quantify removal efficiency. Results deviated by only 5%–10% from simulations, confirming model accuracy. The study supports the engineering optimization of mechanical scraper systems.

Key words: rectangular culture tank, mechanical scraper, numerical simulation, parameter optimization, waste removal efficiency.