摘要： 针对三亚湾海洋牧场实际需求，设计了内设庇护管、具备幼鱼养护功能的多孔箱型鱼礁，基于结构与流场特性与3种传统礁体结构对比分析，结合数值模拟探究多孔箱型鱼礁在不同来流流速、迎流角度、横纵布设间距下的流场特征。结果显示：4种礁体水动力特征差异显著，多孔箱型鱼礁流场规模最大，方型（A型）、镂空框架型次之，方型（B型）最小，4种礁体稳定性均满足要求，多孔箱型鱼礁在表面积及流场效应上优势突出。多孔箱型礁体核心流场参数随来流速度的增加变化不大；随迎流角度增大呈先降后升趋势，45°迎流角时上升流体积、背涡流长度和体积最大，建议采用该迎流角度投放；横向间距与礁群流场参数负相关，推荐0.5倍礁长间距，可以有效抑制穿流、强化协同阻流；纵向间距呈正相关，推荐2.0倍礁长间距，以促进相邻礁体流场叠加耦合、扩展缓流区。

关键词: 人工鱼礁, 流场效应, 迎流角度, 布设间距

Abstract: In response to the actual needs of Sanya Bay Marine Ranch, this paper designs a porous box-shaped artificial reef with an internal shelter tube and the function of juvenile fish care. Based on the structural and flow field characteristics, this porous box-shaped artificial reef was compared and analyzed with three traditional reef structures. In addition, the flow field characteristics of the porous box-shaped artificial reef under different inflow velocities, flux-facing angles, transverse and longitudinal layout spacings were explored by combining numerical simulation. The research results show that the hydrodynamic characteristics of the four reef structures are significantly different. Among them, the volume of the upwelling flow and the back nest flow of the porous box-type artificial reef is the largest, followed by the square A-type artificial reef and the hollowed-out frame-type artificial reef, and the square B-type artificial reef is the smallest. Moreover, the stability of the four reef structures all meets the requirements, and the porous box-shaped artificial reef has prominent advantages in terms of surface area and flow field effect. The flow field parameters of the porous box-type artificial fish reefs do not change significantly with the increase of the incoming flow velocity. The flow field parameters of the artificial fish reefs show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of the flow angle. When the flow angle is 45°, the upflow volume, the length of the back-burrow flow, and the volume are the largest. It is recommended to use this angle for deployment. The lateral spacing is negatively correlated with the flow field parameters of the artificial fish reef group. It is recommended to use a spacing of 0.5 times the reef length for layout, which can effectively suppress cross-flow and enhance cooperative blocking. The longitudinal spacing is positively correlated with the flow field parameters of the artificial fish reef group. It is recommended to use a spacing of 2.0 times the reef length for layout, in order to promote the superposition and coupling of the flow fields of adjacent reefs and expand the slow-flow area.

Key words: artificial reefs, flow field effects, inflow attack angles, layout spacing