渔业现代化

渔业现代化 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 31-39. doi: 10.26958/j.cnki.1007-9580.2026.02.004

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工厂化养殖系统中不同密度对鳜鱼生长、抗氧化及免疫能力的影响

蒲德成1，汪政希1，刘兴国2，车轩2，郑吉澍1，周林1(1 重庆市农业科学院，农业农村部西南山地智慧农业重点实验室（部省共建），重庆 401329；
2 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092)   

  1. (1 重庆市农业科学院，农业农村部西南山地智慧农业重点实验室（部省共建），重庆 401329；
    2 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092)
  • 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 作者简介:蒲德成（1980—），男，高级工程师，研究方向：设施渔业工程与高效健康养殖研究。
    E-mail:pudc801@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目（CSTB2024TIAD-LDX0010）；鳜鱼工厂化循环水养殖关键技术及装备研发应用（KYLX20240500033）；重庆市水产科技创新联盟重点创新攻关项目（CQFTIU202502-2）；重庆市生态渔产业技术体系（CQMAITS202315）

Effects of different densities on growth, antioxidant and immunological capacity of Siniperca chuatsi in a factory farming system

PU Decheng1, WANG Zhengxi1, LIU Xingguo2, CHE Xuan2, ZHENG Jishu1, ZHOU Lin1(1  Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Southwest Mountainous Region, (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China;#br# 2  Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China)   

  1. (1  Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Southwest Mountainous Region, (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China;
    2  Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China)
  • Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-23

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摘要： 为探究工厂化养殖生产系统中不同养殖密度对鳜鱼（Siniperca chuatsi）生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响，初步确定其适宜养殖密度。设置低（M1，150尾/m³）、中（M2，200尾/m³）、高（M3，250尾/m³）3个放养密度组，开展180 d养殖试验。测定鳜鱼的生长指标，并分析其头肾与脾脏的抗氧化酶活性及相关免疫因子的表达水平。结果显示，养殖末期（180 d），M2组在终末体质量、体长及增重率上均显著优于M1和M3组（P < 0.05）。随着密度升高，抗氧化能力呈下降趋势，超氧化歧化酶（SOD）活性与总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）含量显著降低，丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高；非特异性免疫酶（AKP，ACP，LYS）活性及促炎因子（TNF-α，IL-8）、干扰素通路相关分子（IRF11，IFP35）和T细胞受体（TCRα）含量均随密度增加而显著上调。研究表明，过高密度虽能激发免疫应答，但会诱发氧化应激与慢性炎症。本研究建议鳜鱼工厂化养殖密度宜为28.61 kg/m³左右，以实现养殖效益与鱼体健康的平衡。

关键词:

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of Siniperca chuatsi in a factory farming production system, and to preliminarily determine its suitable stocking density. Three stocking density groups of low (M1, 150 fish/m³), medium (M2, 200 fish/m³) and high (M3, 250 fish/m³) were set up to carry out the 180d culture experiment. The growth indexes of Siniperca chuatsi were measured and the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and related immune factors in the head, kidney and spleen were analysed. The results showed that at the end of the culture period (180 d), the M2 group was significantly better than the M1 and M3 groups in terminal body mass, body length and weight gain rate (P < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity tended to decrease with increasing density, with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) content, and a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content; the activities of non-specific immunoenzymes (AKP, ACP, LYS) and the activities of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-8), interferon pathway-associated molecules (IRF11, IFP35) and T-cell receptor (TCRα) content were significantly upregulated with increasing density. It was shown that excessive high density induces oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, although it can stimulate the immune response. The present study suggests that the density of Siniperca chuatsi in factory culture should be around 28.61 kg/m³ in order to achieve a balance between culture efficiency and fish health.

Key words: Siniperca chuatsi, stocking density, growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, factory farming