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中华蛸对双壳类捕食行为及摄食选择性的初步研究

  1. 1 江苏海洋大学，海洋科学与水产学院，江苏 连云港 222000；
    2 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室，山东，青岛，266071）
  • 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 陈四清（1966—），男，研究员，研究方向：水产苗种繁育与养殖技术、营养与饲料、海水养殖标准化技术。E-mail: chensq@ysfri.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:李雪梅（1995—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：水产动物行为学。E-mail:1027814938@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目（2020GH02）

A preliminary study of predatory behavior and feeding selectivity of Octopus Sinensis on several bivalves#br#

  1. (1 College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China;
    2 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes of the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China)
  • Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-11-24

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摘要： 中华蛸(Octopus sinensis)俗称章鱼，是中国沿海重要的经济性头足类，具有饵料转化率高、生长迅速、养殖周期短等诸多优良养殖性状，是极具开发潜力的养殖新品种。双壳类是中华蛸养殖的常用饵料，了解中华蛸对双壳类的捕食行为及摄食选择性，对于筛选适宜的双壳类饵料、提高投喂技术水平、完善养殖工艺流程具有重要意义。本研究选取了栉孔扇贝、长牡蛎、魁蚶和菲律宾蛤仔4种双壳类饵料，通过水下摄像机拍摄记录了中华蛸的捕食行为，统计分析了中华蛸对各种双壳类的摄食率、摄食量和摄食比例。结果显示：对于4种双壳类，中华蛸具有相似的捕食行为，包括攻击、捕获、开壳、进食和弃壳；中华蛸对栉孔扇贝的摄食率和摄食量最高，显著高于其他3种双壳类（P＜0.05），对长牡蛎摄食率和摄食量最低，中华蛸的摄食选择性可能与打开双壳类贝壳的难易程度有关。本研究表明，栉孔扇贝是适宜的中华蛸饵料，在培育过程中可适当提高栉孔扇贝的饵料占比，有助于个体的生长发育。

关键词: 中华蛸, 章鱼, 双壳类, 摄食行为, 摄食选择, 生长

Abstract: Octopus sinensis, commonly known as octopus, is an important economic cephalopod along the coast of China. With many favorable breeding characteristics such as high feed conversion rate, rapid growth and short breeding cycle, it is a new farming variety with great development potential. Bivalves are commonly used in O. sinensis culturing. Understanding the predation behavior and feeding selectivity of O. sinensis on bivalves is of great significance for screening suitable bivalves, improving feeding technology and perfecting breeding processes. In this paper, four kinds of bivalve bait, Chlamys farreri, Crassostrea gigas, Scapharca broughtonii and Ruditapes philippinarum were selected. The predation behavior of O. sinensis was recorded by underwater camera, and the feeding rate, amount and proportion of O. sinensis to various bivalves were statistically analyzed. The results showed that O. sinensis exhibited similar predatory behaviors among the four bivalve species, including attack, capture, shell opening, feeding and shell abandoning. O. sinensis had the highest feeding rate and intake of C. farreri, which were significantly higher than the other three bivalves (P < 0.05), and the lowest on C. gigas, which might be related to the difficulty levels in opening bivalve shells. The results indicated that C. farreri was a suitable prey for O. sinensis, and the ratio of C. farreri could be appropriately increased in octopus culturing to promote the growth and development.

Key words: Octopus sinensis, octopus, bivalves, predatory behavior, feeding selectivity, growth