Targeting the issues of high labor intensity, uneven feed distribution, and low efficiency in aquaculture feeding, a ground - rail - based rail - type precision feeding system was designed. This system integrates mechanical design, automatic control, and upper - computer monitoring with feeding management. Key components like the traveling, silo, feeding, and weighing devices were designed and analyzed to determine structural parameters. An automatic control system using SIEMENS S7-200 SMART PLC was developed, and tests on driving speed, positioning accuracy, feeding speed, feeding accuracy, and feed crushing rate were conducted. Results show the system runs stably, starts/stops automatically, moves at 12.7 m/min, has a positioning accuracy error of 39 - 58 mm, feeds at 3.31 kg/min, with a feeding accuracy error < 0.63% and a feed crushing rate < 1%. The entire feeding process is automated, with real - time monitoring by the upper computer. This system boosts feed utilization and cuts labor and feeding costs. Its integrated design improves management and offers a viable solution for aquaculture automation.