The characteristics and sedimentation features of tail water discharged from tilapia farming are the key factors influencing the design of sedimentation ponds and also the precondition and foundation for achieving efficient treatment of tail water. Taking the tail water from tilapia farming in Hainan as the research object, through conducting pollution monitoring and static sedimentation experiments on the farmed discharged tail water and the surrounding environment, the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and suspended particulate matter (SS) in the water body were determined, and the pollution situation in the tail water and the reasonable sedimentation time for tail water treatment were analyzed and summarized. The results indicated that the concentration ranges of TN, TP, CODMn, and SS in the tail water from tilapia farming were 2.00 - 15.60 mg/L, 0.59 - 2.74 mg/L, 17.20 - 20.40 mg/L, and 2.50 - 144.00 mg/L, respectively; the concentration ranges of TN, TP, CODMn, and SS in the surrounding water of the culture ponds were 2.20 - 5.80 mg/L, 0.44 - 3.21 mg/L, 4.05 - 18.95 mg/L, and 55.00 - 152.00 mg/L, respectively; the average proportions of particulate nitrogen (TPN) and phosphorus (TPP) in the tail water were 20.80% - 62.80% and 50.80% - 74.90%, respectively. After 24 hours of static sedimentation treatment of the tail water, the decrease rate of SS in the upper water layer reached 83.08%, and the SS concentration decreased by 84.62% after 48 hours of static sedimentation treatment, and the sedimentation effect tended to be stable. Considering comprehensively, the static sedimentation time of the tail water can be selected as 24 hours, which can effectively remove the suspended pollutants in the water body.