To investigate the influence of the orifice plate on the fish freezing efficiency in the impingement quick-freezing freezer, this paper takes the yellow fish as the research object, analyzes the effects of different orifice plate arrangements, hole diameter and air supply distance on the fish freezing efficiency, and obtains the fish temperature distribution and the evolution of central temperature with time. The results show that the staggered arrangement of the upper and lower orifice plates avoids wind hedging, so the freezing rate is the highest and the freezing time is the shortest. The increase of the orifice plate diameter effectively reduces the fish freezing time in the second stage and the cooling time in the third stage. The shorter the distance between the upper and lower orifice plate from the center of the fish body, the shorter the fish freezing time. The study shows that: screening the structure and parameters of the air supply orifice plate with suitable purpose can provide new process guidance for the freezing of aquatic products and provide technical support for the optimal design of the impact freezer.