Deep sea aquaculture is an important way to expand new space for aquaculture development, and reduce the pressure on offshore ecological environment. It is of great significance to  improve the quality and efficiency of aquaculture, to modernize fisheries, to ensure world food security and to sustainable development of aquaculture. However, the equipment and technology of deep sea aquaculture are the key to support and realize the development and growth of deep sea aquaculture. This paper briefly introduces the research and application status of deep sea aquaculture vessels and deep sea aquaculture cages, and points out that there is still a big gap between China's deep-sea aquaculture and foreign fishery developed countries in the automation and intelligence of mechanical equipment. This paper discusses the current main problems and future research and development directions of deep sea aquaculture vessels and deep sea aquaculture cages, and makes corresponding discussions and thoughts on the future development of deep sea aquaculture, especially  planning objectives, function expansion, scientific and technological support of deep sea aquaculture. This study is expected to provide reference for the research and development of deep sea aquaculture equipment and technology and future marine construction in China.