Problems such as environmental pollution, waste of resources and frequent occurrence of diseases brought in by conventional aquaculture modes have become the major factors restricting the sustainable development of aquaculture in China. Biofloc Technology has the advantages of improving water quality, increasing feed utilization efficiency , preventing disease etc., and is expected to be a new mode of healthy and ecological aquaculture technique to solve the above problems. It has been applied to some extent in the world along with good economic, social and ecological benefits. This paper mainly introduced and discussed biofloc formation and cultivation, the main factors influencing biofloc and its application in aquaculture, based on which, it was believed that biofloc technology can improve water quality, save water, reduce feed cost, raise the survival rate of culture species, increase yield and the overall benefit of aquaculture; what’s more, the combination of biofilm and biofloc technologies would better help to effectively maintain the concentration of desirable bioflocs, avoid excessive deposition of bioflocs, improve water quality and increase yield, and thus would have broad application prospects.