In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the developing cost of mobile solar-energy aerators, the Solidworks software was used for the prototype design improvement and performance testing. Through the simplification of the motion control system and use of non-contact type of the water walking mechanism, the back-and-forth walking of the machine became more flexible. Performance test showed that improved mobile solar aerator, when the light intensity was 17 000 Lx, the rotational speed could reach 34 r/min, and the higher the light intensity was, the faster the impeller rotated, also the better the aeration efficiency would be; when the input voltage was 24 V, use 8.2 kΩ and 2 kΩ resistors for dividing, and the control voltage could reach 4.7 V. The sensor optimization results showed that under low light intensity, the selected 4.2 kΩ resistance could meet the speed requirements of 20r/min at the lowest, remote control distance could reach 45m, and the average running time could be up to about 6 h/d. The electric control system uses the simplest unit module and more convenient water surface running mechanism, not only realizing all the control requirements of the prototype, but also reducing the cost of materials. The results show that the improved aerator is more stable and reliable in performance, and is suitable to be applied in pond aquaculture.