In the new century, China's fishery has developed more rapidly, and made a series of remarkable achievements, which greatly made up for the shortage of high-quality protein sources and provided an important guarantee for China's food security. However, fishery is an industry relatively highly depending on energy and resources. With its rapid development, it also pays the price for environment and energy consumption. The extensive production mode brings red tide and water bloom to the surrounding environment. The production cost of fishing vessel fuel oil has exceeded 2/3 of the total fishing cost, becoming a major obstacle to the sustainable development of fishery. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to vigorously promote ecological civilization and pointed out the development direction for fishery. This paper mainly introduces the development at home and abroad in energy conservation and emission reduction in aquaculture, fishing and fishing vessels and aquatic products processing. Compared with fishery developed countries, China started late with a weak foundation in the research and application of energy conservation and emission reduction technologies in those tree areas of fishery, but the development is fast and effects good, thus is highly motivated with development potentials promising. The paper also puts forward suggestions for future development: firstly to take active measures to promote production mode transferring toward energy saving and emission reducing, secondly to strengthen fundamental key technical research and promote the upgrading of traditional production, strengthen the demonstration and extension of new products and technologies, and build up leading new production modes of high-efficiency. This study is expected to provide references for fishery’s transformation and upgrading towards energy saving, emission reducing, green and sustainable development...