Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED, 200-400nm) semiconductor solid-state light source is energy saving, environmentally friendly, easy to operate and small in volume. With the continuous improvement of UV-LED performance, it is expected to replace the traditional ultraviolet mercury light source in the future. This paper first introduces the development of ultraviolet (UVC-LED, 200-280 nm,) technology, the existing problems and the route for technical improvement, and compares the research results of UVC in aquaculture industry at home and abroad. Then, based on the species of microbial diseases in aquaculture, the calculating method of the dose needed to inactivate harmful microbes and the design suggestion for actual application of UVC-LED in aquacultural microenvironment are given. Finally, the trend of UVC-LED to achieve large-scale application of sterilization is prospected, so as to help the sustainable development of aquaculture.