Active acoustics has long been used to trap fish and shrimp. Compared with active acoustic detection, passive acoustic detection is a research method different from traditional optical technology and active acoustic detection, and is not injurious or destructive to the subjects. In this paper, the feeding sound of different fish and shrimp is quantitatively analyzed through the passive acoustic detection, so as to determine the feeding characteristics of different kinds of fish and shrimp. According to the different feeding characteristics of fish and shrimp, the acoustic feeding system is developed to feed them pertinently, which has an important application value in aquaculture. The main sources of the sound of fish and shrimp and the mechanism of the feeding sound are described. The main research platform of underwater acoustic signal and the methods of collecting, analyzing and processing the acoustic signal are summarized. The main application of feeding acoustics in aquaculture is summarized. However, the feeding acoustic signal detected is a mixed signal at present. Feeding acoustic signal cannot be extracted from the mixed signal. Through the follow-up study, the feeding signal can be extracted separately in the future to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the feeding sound of fish.