In order to solve the problem of nutrient enrichment in intensive aquaculture water of freshwater pond, the purification effects of Ipomoea aquatica and Hydrocharis dubia on muddy and sandy aquaculture water were studied using enclosure test method. The results showed that the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and TP in muddy water were significantly lower than those in sandy water, and the removal rate of CODMn in muddy water was significantly higher than that in sandy water (P<0.05). In different water, both macrophytes could significantly remove more ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, TN and CODMn than the corresponding control treatments (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the nutrient removal rate between 12.5% and 25.0% of treatment with H. dubia (P>0.05), and 12.5% of treatment with I. aquatica and H. dubia was adopted only when the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen by MSBI in muddy water was significantly lower than that by MKC and the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen by MSBI was significantly higher than that by MKC (P<0.05). The maximum removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, TN, TP and CODMn by macrophytes in muddy water were 60.07%, 54.78%, 52.68%, 23.96% and 47.32% respectively, while those in sandy water were 72.43%, 83.54%, 57.20%, 37.07% and 40.75% respectively. Moreover, the contents of nutrients tested in the water treated with macrophytes increased to a certain extent at the end of the test. The contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, TP and other nutrients in sandy water fluctuated greatly and the removal rate was higher than that in muddy water. The floating beds of I. aquatica and H. dubia in muddy and sandy water had significant purification effects, and local H. dubia could be used as a potential water purification macrophyte in ecological floating bed. The management of harvesting should be strengthened in the application of floating bed to avoid the secondary pollution of water.