With the development of mobile Internet technology, the framework design of traditional data acquisition system is facing with the problems of high coupling, poor portability and high maintenance cost, which have restricted the mobile development of data acquisition system. In order to improve the cohesion and maintainability of the modules of fishery resource survey data acquisition system, this paper proposes a three-layer (mobile application layer, Web service layer and business service layer) system framework design, uses Nginx to build Web server to realize reverse proxy as the core of routing control, provides Restful style interface services by building the business service layer based on the Koa2 framework that takes NodeJS as the core, and finally implements a fishery resource survey data acquisition system with the front-end and back-end separation design. The results show that the system runs stably and reliably with high expansibility after the reconstruction of the framework, which provides references for constructing an efficient data acquisition system.