Abstract: In order to solve the problem of feeding inhomogeneity in crabs and shrimp ponds, a kind of moving feeding device for large and medium-sized crabs and shrimp ponds was designed and produced. The device can realize automatic control of the trajectory of action so as to drop feed to the pond without intermittent. The device can walk in the pond based on its automatic running gear, and transfer feed from the feed bin to the tray based on its twisted dragon structure. The feed bin is equipped with a tunable servo motor, to regulate its revolving speed based on the frequency converter, so which can control the radius and the amount of feed dropped. The designed feed storage tank has a volume of 0.08m3, the feed tray is 0.62m high above the water surface, and the breeding pond is a 100m long and 33m wide. The results showed that the feed in a 0.08 m3 feed bin could meet the demand of feeding the crab ponds and shrimp in a 0.33 hm2 pond for once; when walking in a straight line, the feeding radius can be adjusted from 1.2 to 5.8 m; the feeding speed can be adjusted, the crushing rate of feed is about 1%, and the residual bait rate of feed bin is between 2% and 8%. It is concluded that the moving automatic feeding device has the advantages of automatic walking, uniform feeding and wide feeding range, etc., which can effectively improve the feed utilization efficiency of crab and shrimp ponds, and reduce labor costs, thus can be extended to all large and medium-sized breeding ponds.

Key words: aquaculture, crab pond, shrimp pond, feeding device, moving feeding, automatic control

摘要： 为解决蟹、虾池塘养殖过程中存在投饲不均匀的问题，设计和制作了一种用于大中型蟹、虾塘养殖的移动投饲装置。该装置可实现自动控制行动轨迹，可不间断向池塘抛撒饲料。通过自动行走机构在池塘中行走，其绞龙结构将饲料从饲料箱输送到撒料盘，撒料盘配有可调频伺服电机，通过变频器调节撒料盘转速，可控制撒料半径和撒料量。设计投饲储料箱容积0.08 m3，撒料盘距水面高度0.62 m。试验选用养殖池塘长100 m、宽33 m。结果显示：满箱饲料可满足面积0.33 hm2蟹、虾池塘投喂一次的要求；直线行走时投饲直径可调节范围为1.2~5.8 m；投饲速度可调节，饲料破碎率在1%左右，料箱残饲率在2%~8%之间。研究表明：该移动投饲装置具有自动行走、投饲均匀、投饲范围广等优点，能有效提高蟹、虾池塘饲料利用率，减少劳动力成本，可推广到各大中型养殖池塘使用。

关键词: 水产养殖, 蟹塘, 虾塘, 投饲装置, 移动投饲, 自动控制