Abstract: In aquaculture, the pond ecosystem includes natural mature period and artificial maintenance period. When the aquaculture capacity is improved, the oxygen demanded by breathing of aquaculture organisms increases continuously, and under oxygen deficient condition, the organics will decompose into hazardous substances, which has influences on aquaculture production. The main mechanism to maintain stability of pond ecosystem is as follows: through exchange of water layers up and down and balancing of nutrient elements, strengthen photosynthesis, increase the transformation scale of nutrient substances and improve primary productivity; form efficient aeration mechanism centered on ecological aeration and supplemented by mechanical aeration. With ecosystem of aquaculture pond in China as object of study, the ecological mechanism of aquaculture pond, theory of dissolved oxygen in water, mechanisms of action of aerator and mechanical property of different aerators are analyzed and discussed, and aerator configuration for bulk freshwater fish polyculture pond and several typical monoculture ponds is proposed, thus providing technical reference for aerator configuration of pond aquaculture system.

Key words: Aerator, aquaculture pond, dissolved oxygen, configuration

摘要： 水产养殖过程中，池塘生态系统可分为自然成熟期和人工维持期。在养殖容量提高的情况下，养殖生物呼吸需氧量在不断增加，缺氧条件下有机物分解成有害物质，影响养殖生产。维持池塘生态系统稳定的主要工程机制为：通过上下水层交换、平衡营养元素等方法，强化光合作用，提高营养物质转化规模，提升初级生产力；形成生态增氧为主、机械增氧为辅的高效增氧机制。以中国养殖池塘生态系统为研究对象，分析探讨养殖池塘生态机制、水体溶氧理论、增氧机作用机理、不同类型增氧机的机械性能等，提出了大宗淡水鱼混养池塘及几种典型单养池塘增氧机配置方式，从而为池塘养殖系统增氧机的配置提供技术参考。

关键词: 增氧机, 养殖池塘, 溶氧, 配置方式