Abstract: To explore the effect of dissolved carbon source and solid carbon source on the biological flocculent culture of Litopenaeus vannamei, five different carbon source matching groups were set up: peanut shell powder group, brown sugar group, peanut shell powder: brown sugar (1:1) group, peanut shell powder: brown sugar (2:1) group and peanut shell powder: brown sugar (1:2) group to carry out the culture test of Penaeus vannamei for 40 days, and the water quality was monitored every 4 days. At the end of the experiment, glutathione-s transferase activity was measured in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, and high-throughput sequencing analysis was carried out on the suction filter membrane to explore the effects of different types of carbon sources and different proportions on the water quality, shrimp growth performance, microbial diversity, and community structure in the biological flocculent culture system. The results showed that in the aspect of water quality control, the ammonia nitrogen of peanut shell powder: brown sugar (2:1) group remained at a low level throughout the whole test cycle, and the peak value of ammonia nitrogen was only (2.43 ± 0.45) mg / L, while that of peanut shell powder group with the largest peak value of ammonia nitrogen was as high as (9.80 ± 0.35) mg / L; nitrite nitrogen showed an upward trend in the control group, and the concentration in the biological floc group increased firstly and then decreased. The inflection point of concentration change in peanut shell powder: brown sugar (2:1) group was earlier than that in other treatment groups; In the nitrate nitrogen level, except for the control group, the other biological flocs showed an upward trend. The nitrate nitrogen concentration in the peanut shell powder: brown sugar (2:1) group was as high as (17.84 ± 1.20) mg / L at the end of the experiment; In the analysis of microbial community, Paracoccus is the main dominant bacteria at the genus level. The use of mixed carbon sources not only improved the microbial community of the aquaculture system α Diversity abundance (Sobs, Chaol, ACE) also changed the composition and structure of the microbial community; The use of carbon source can improve the glutathione-s transferase activity of shrimp and promote the growth and survival of shrimp, among which the peanut shell powder: brown sugar (2:1) group has the best growth performance. The research shows that the mixed use of dissolved carbon sources and solid carbon sources can promote the cultivation of biological flocs, improve the water quality control effect and promote the growth of shrimp. It is a feasible scheme for the construction of biological flocs.

Key words: peanut shell powder, brown sugar, litopenaeus vannamei, biological flocs, flora structure, water quality index

摘要： 为探讨溶解碳源与固体碳源在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖过程中的影响，设置5个不同碳源搭配组：花生壳粉组，红糖组，花生壳粉:红糖（1:1）组，花生壳粉:红糖（2:1）组以及花生壳粉:红糖（1:2）组分别进行为期40 d的南美白对虾养殖试验，每4 d进行一次水质监测，试验结束时对对虾肝胰腺取样进行谷胱甘肽-S转移酶活性测定并且将抽滤滤膜进行高通量测序分析，探究不同类型碳源且不同搭配比例对生物絮团养殖系统内水质、对虾生长性能、微生物多样性及其群落结构的作用。结果显示：在水质调控方面，花生壳粉:红糖（2:1）组的氨氮在整个试验周期始终维持在较低水平，氨氮峰值仅为（2.43±0.45）mg/L，而氨氮峰值最大的花生壳粉组高达（9.80±0.35）mg/L；亚硝酸盐氮对照组中呈上升趋势，在生物絮团组浓度呈先上升后下降趋势，花生壳粉:红糖（2:1）组的浓度变化拐点要比其他处理组提前；在硝酸盐氮水平，除对照组外其余生物絮团组都呈上升趋势，花生壳粉:红糖（2:1）组在试验结束时硝酸盐氮浓度高达（17.84±1.20）mg/L；在微生物群落分析中，副球菌属是属水平上的主要优势菌。混合碳源的使用，不仅提高了养殖系统微生物群落α多样性丰度（Sobs、Chaol、Ace），同样改变了微生物群落组成结构；碳源的使用可提高对虾谷胱甘肽-S转移酶活性，促进对虾的生长、存活，其中花生壳粉:红糖（2:1）组对虾生长表现最佳。研究表明：溶解碳源与固体碳源的混合使用可促进生物絮团的培养，提升水质调控效果，促进对虾的生长，是生物絮团构建的可行方案。

关键词: 花生壳粉, 红糖, 凡纳滨对虾, 生物絮团, 菌群结构, 水质指标