Abstract: In order to investigate the flow characteristics of water in cabin fish tanks under the condition of swaying at sea, a bottom push flow separated simulated tank culture system was designed. The system was mainly composed of aquaculture facilities and equipment such as isolation net laid 1m from the bottom of the tank and four push flow pumps placed below the isolation net. By analyzing the influence of different bottom pushing flows on water quality indexes such as ammonia nitrogen mass concentration and turbidity of the test system, the appropriate bottom pushing flow was obtained, and the verification experiment was carried out with this parameter, and compared with the control tank with high water exchange capacity. The results show that the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen mass concentration in the surface and bottom water of the test tank was positively correlated with the bottom push flow. When the bottom push flow reached 160 m3/h, the best removal effects were achieved, reaching 68.02% and 58.68% respectively. During the farming period of more than one month, there was no significant difference in ammonia nitrogen mass concentration, turbidity, water color and other water quality indexes between the test tank, which had an inlet flow of 40 m3/h and a 160 m3/h capacity bottom push flow pump turned on for 1h whenever feeding started, and the control tank with an inlet flow of 120 m3/h without bottom push flow. The results show that the designed system can also achieve ideal water quality control effects even when the inlet flow is reduced by about 70%. This cabin bottom push flow culture simulation system could provide reference for the follow-up exploration and optimization of fish culture cabins suitable for complex offshore conditions and the construction of large-scale marine industrial ship culture mode.

Key words: aquaculture vessel, cabin maintenance system, deep sea aquaculture, bottom push flow, ammonia nitrogen, turbidity, water color

摘要： 为探讨养殖鱼舱在海上摇摆晃荡条件下鱼舱内部水体流动特性，设计了一套底推流分隔式的模拟舱养系统。该系统主要由离池底1 m处铺设的隔离网和隔离网下方放置的4台推流泵等养殖系统设施和装备组成，通过分析不同底推流量对试验系统水中氨氮质量浓度和浊度等水质指标的影响，取得适宜底推流量，并以此参数开展验证实验，与高换水量的对照池进行对比分析。结果显示：试验池表层和底层水中氨氮质量浓度的去除效果与底推流量呈正相关关系，在底推流量达到160 m3/h时达到最佳去除效果，分别达到68.02%和58.68%；进水流量为40 m3/h并在每次投喂时开启1 h底推流量为160 m3/h推流泵的试验池，与进水流量为120 m3/h无底推流的对照池在为期1个多月的养殖期间，两者在氨氮质量浓度、浊度和水色等水质指标方面均无显著差异，表明该底推流分隔式模拟舱养系统在进水流量降低70%左右也能达到较好水质调控效果。该舱养模拟系统可为后续探索优化适合海上复杂工况的养殖鱼舱工艺设计及为海上大型工船养殖模式构建提供参考。

关键词: 养殖工船, 舱养系统, 深远海养殖, 底推流, 氨氮, 浊度, 水色