好氧反硝化脱氮理论的出现，弥补了传统生物脱氮的不足。文章综述了好氧反硝化技术的研究进展及在水产养殖污水处理中的应用，分别从微环境、生物化学及酶系统3个方面综述了好氧反硝化细菌作用机理方面的研究；概述了碳源、溶氧、碳氮比等环境因素对好氧反硝化效率的影响；总结了好氧反硝化反应器、固定化细菌以及外加碳源等好氧反硝化技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用；突显了好氧反硝化在去除硝酸盐氮、从整体上调控氮的优势。好氧反硝化技术在水产养殖废水处理中优势显著，是水产养殖废水处理的有效途径。实际应用中还存在许多问题，该技术仍需进一步研究。

The arising of aerobic denitrification has made up for the deficiency of traditional biological denitrification. The research progress of aerobic denitrification technology and its application in aquaculture wastewater treatment are reviewed in this paper. The mechanism of action of aerobic denitrifying bacteria is reviewed from three aspects: microenvironment, biochemistry and enzyme system. The effects of environmental factors such as carbon source, dissolved oxygen and carbon-nitrogen ratio on the efficiency of aerobic denitrification are summarized. The application of aerobic denitrification technology such as aerobic denitrifying reactor, immobilized bacteria and external carbon source in aquaculture wastewater treatment is summarized. The advantages of aerobic denitrification in nitrate nitrogen removal and nitrogen regulation on the whole are highlighted. Aerobic denitrification technology has obvious advantages in aquaculture wastewater treatment, and it is an effective way to treat aquaculture wastewater. There are many problems in practical application, for which the technology needs further study.