摘要： 地下海水作为水产养殖业用水的补充，其铁锰超标可以引发养殖水质问题，进而对养殖生物的呼吸、免疫以及生长发育等方面产生不良影响。本研究采用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)和硫酸锰(MnSO4)溶液对石英砂和沸石进行化学改性处理、采用高温煅烧法对沸石进行物理改性，对改性材料进行表征。通过铁、锰过滤实验，探究改性前后石英砂、沸石去除铁、锰稳定后的成熟期。结果显示：化学改性后石英砂表面负载大量球形颗粒，沸石形成致密蚀刻沟槽，物理改性沸石层状结构破碎。化学改性的石英砂与沸石表面Mn元素比例分别为18.32%、24.82%，主要以MnO2的形式呈现。300℃煅烧的化学改性石英砂和沸石比表面积(7.26 m²/g和28.57 m²/g)及孔体积(0.005 2 cm³/g和0.112 cm³/g)均达最大值；400℃煅烧的沸石比表面积(20.18 m²/g)及孔体积(0.0857 cm³/g)达最大值。化学改性沸石最快达到除铁锰成熟期，分别为10 d、8 d，远低于未改性滤料成熟期。本研究将为水产养殖地下海水中铁、锰的去除技术提供理论依据和技术参考。

关键词: 养殖源水, 石英砂, 沸石, 铁锰去除, 物理改性, 化学改性

Abstract: With the increasing reliance of the aquaculture industry on groundwater resources, the water quality issues caused by excessive iron and manganese concentrations in groundwater have become progressively prominent. Elevated levels of iron and manganese adversely affect the respiration, immune function, growth, and development of aquaculture organisms, thereby restricting the widespread application of groundwater in aquaculture practices. In this study, quartz sand and zeolite were chemically modified using potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and manganese sulfate (MnSO₄) solutions, while physical modification of zeolite was achieved through high-temperature calcination. Comprehensive characterization of the modified materials was conducted. Iron and manganese filtration experiments were performed to investigate the maturation period required for achieving stable iron-manganese removal efficiency in both modified and unmodified quartz sand and zeolite. The results demonstrated that chemical modification induced the formation of spherical particles on quartz sand surfaces and created dense etching grooves on zeolite, whereas physical modification disrupted the layered structure of calcined zeolite. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed Mn element proportions of 18.32% and 24.82% on chemically modified quartz sand and zeolite surfaces, respectively, primarily existing as MnO₂. Maximum specific surface areas (7.26 m²/g and 28.57 m²/g) and pore volumes (0.0052 cm³/g and 0.112 cm³/g) were attained for chemically modified quartz sand and 300℃-calcined zeolite. The 400℃-calcined zeolite exhibited peak specific surface area (20.18 m²/g) and pore volume (0.0857 cm³/g). Chemically modified zeolite demonstrated the shortest maturation period for iron and manganese removal, requiring only 10 and 8 days respectively, significantly shorter than unmodified materials. This research provides theoretical foundations and technical references for developing iron-manganese removal technologies in groundwater applications for aquaculture.

Key words: aquaculture source water, quartz sand, zeolite, iron and manganese removal, physical modification, chemical modification