摘要： 为解决鳗鲡工厂化养殖大量换排水、养殖后期水质恶化、设备设施投资与运行成本高等问题，本研究优化了工厂化节水减排养殖鳗鲡工艺并场景应用。采用正交试验设计方法，基于已筛选出的3株脱氮降磷功能菌，研发养殖水体“菌颗粒-复合菌液制剂”原位水处理技术，优化工厂化节水减排养殖工艺并采用对照试验的方法示范应用于不同密度的双色鳗鲡黑仔养殖，养殖周期120 d。结果显示，处理组Ⅰ(500 ind./m3)的黑仔鳗起捕规格、单产、特定生长率和绝对增重率分别显著高于对照组41.4%、43.9%、17.3%和48.2%(P<0.05)，饲料系数极显著低于对照组17.6%(P<0.01)；处理组Ⅱ(750 ind./m3)的黑仔鳗起捕规格、单产、特定生长率和绝对增重率分别显著高于对照组20.5%、83.0%、8.9%和23.3%(P<0.05)，饲料系数极显著低于对照组11.0%(P<0.01)；处理组均比对照组实现节水减排75%以上；处理组Ⅰ养殖水质的平均氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、总氮和总磷浓度分别显著低于对照组90.8%、80.7%、10.0%、51.5%、38.7%(P<0.05)；处理组Ⅱ养殖水质的平均氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、总氮和总磷浓度分别显著低于对照组88.0%、74.2%、5.6%、42.6%、21.3%(P<0.05)。表明该养殖工艺具有节水减排、维持养殖水质全程良好、投资和运行成本低等优点，应用前景广阔。

关键词: 脱氮降磷, 功能菌, 固定化微生物, 双色鳗鲡, 节水减排

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of large amount of water drainage, deterioration of water quality in the late stage of eel culture, and high investment and operation cost of equipment and facilities, this study optimized a water-saving and emission-reducing aquaculture process for eel and applied it in practical scenarios. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to develop an in-situ water treatment technology using "bacterial granules-composite bacterial liquid agents" based on three selected functional strains with nitrogen and phosphorus removal capabilities. The optimized industrialized water-saving and emission-reducing aquaculture process was then demonstrated through controlled experiments at different stocking densities for fingerling eel over a 120-day culture period. The results showed that in Treatment Group I (500 ind./m³), the harvest size, yield, specific growth rate, and absolute weight gain rate of the fry were significantly higher than those of the control group by 41.4%, 43.9%, 17.3%, and 48.2%, respectively (P<0.05), while the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower by 17.6%(P<0.01). In Treatment Group II (750 ind./m³), the harvest size, yield, specific growth rate, and absolute weight gain rate were significantly higher than the control group by 20.5%, 83.0%, 8.9%, and 23.3%, respectively (P<0.05), with the feed conversion ratio significantly lower by 11.0%(P<0.01). Both treatment groups achieved over 75% water savings and emission reductions compared to the control. In Treatment Group I, the average concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the water were significantly lower than those in the control group by 90.8%, 80.7%, 10.0%, 51.5%, and 38.7%, respectively(P<0.05). In Treatment Group II, these concentrations were significantly lower by 88.0%, 74.2%, 5.6%, 42.6%, and 21.3%, respectively(P<0.05). These findings indicate that this aquaculture process offers advantages such as water conservation, emission reduction, sustained high water quality, and low investment and operational costs, suggesting broad application prospects.

Key words: nitrogen and phosphorus reduction, functional bacteria, immobilized microorganisms, eel, new aquaculture model