摘要： 针对传统竖流沉淀器在高水力负荷下颗粒物截留效率低、易受湍流干扰的缺陷，本研究设计了一种涡漩式竖流沉降过滤器，通过融合竖流沉淀与旋流分离原理，结合CFD-DPM耦合模拟与试验验证，系统探究其对循环水养殖系统（RAS）悬浮颗粒物的强化去除机制。数值模拟表明，涡漩结构通过离心力与重力协同作用优化流场分布，有效抑制颗粒物逃逸；对比试验中，在15 m³/(m²·h)水力负荷下，涡漩式过滤器对进水TSS 25 mg/L和50 mg/L的截留率分别达72.92%±7.40%和59.24%±5.15%，较传统装置提升28.6%和36.0%（P<0.05），而两者出水TSS质量浓度随流量增加的变化无显著差异（P>0.05）。研究表明，涡漩式设计通过旋流强化机制缩短水力停留时间，显著提升高负荷工况下颗粒物截留稳定性，解决了传统装置因流速升高导致的性能衰退问题。该成果为RAS固液分离设备的优化提供了兼具高效性与工程适用性的解决方案。

关键词: 循环水养殖系统, 涡漩式竖流沉降过滤器, 颗粒物截留效率, 水力负荷, 总悬浮物去除

Abstract: To address the defects of traditional vertical flow sedimentators, such as low particle interception efficiency under high hydraulic loads and vulnerability to turbulent interference, this study designed a vortex-type vertical flow sedimentation filter. By integrating the principles of vertical flow sedimentation and cyclone separation, and combining CFD-DPM coupled simulation with experimental verification, the study systematically explored its enhanced removal mechanism for suspended particulates in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Numerical simulations showed that the vortex structure optimizes the flow field distribution through the synergistic effect of centrifugal force and gravity, effectively suppressing particle escape. In comparative tests, under a hydraulic load of 15 m³/(m²·h), the vortex-type filter achieved interception rates of 72.92%±7.40% and 59.24%±5.15% for influent total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L, respectively, representing improvements of 28.6% and 36.0% compared to traditional devices (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the variation of effluent TSS concentration with increasing flow rate between the two devices (P>0.05). The study demonstrates that the vortex design shortens the hydraulic retention time through a cyclone-enhanced mechanism, significantly improving the stability of particle interception under high-load conditions and addressing the performance degradation of traditional devices caused by increased flow velocity. This achievement provides a solution combining high efficiency and engineering applicability for optimizing solid-liquid separation equipment in RAS.   

Key words: recirculating aquaculture systems, vortex vertical flow settling filter, particle retention, hydraulic load, TSS removal