摘要： 成像声呐作为现代渔业资源监测与评估的重要工具，尽管面临环境复杂性、分辨率限制以及大规模数据处理等挑战，但在渔业资源调查、鱼类行为分析及栖息地保护等方面展现了巨大的潜力。本研究系统总结了成像声呐技术在渔业领域的应用进展，深入分析了现存挑战，并对未来技术发展进行了展望。重点关注了复杂和敏感栖息地监测、低可视度环境中的目标探测、鱼类行为分析以及物种数量估计等多个应用场景，全面梳理了成像声呐在渔业领域应用的国内外研究现状。在此基础上，从提升分辨率、开发自动化数据处理流程、实现小型化与轻量化设计以及推进集成化设计等多个维度出发，对成像声呐的未来发展进行了展望，旨在为成像声呐在渔业领域的广泛应用和支撑渔业资源的科学管理与决策提供参考。

关键词: 渔业, 成像声呐, 水声探测, 目标识别, 数量估计

Abstract: As a critical tool for modern fishery resource monitoring and assessment, imaging sonar has demonstrated significant potential in fishery resource surveys, fish behavior analysis, and habitat protection. Despite challenges such as environmental complexity, resolution limitations, and large-scale data processing, this technology continues to advance. This paper systematically reviews the progress of imaging sonar technology in fisheries, thoroughly analyzes existing challenges, and envisions future developments. It focuses on multiple application scenarios, including complex and sensitive habitat monitoring, target detection in low-visibility environments, fish behavior analysis, and species population estimation. The paper also comprehensively examines the domestic and international research status of imaging sonar applications in fisheries. Based on this review, it explores future directions for imaging sonar development from several dimensions, such as enhancing resolution, developing automated data processing methods, achieving miniaturization and lightweight design, and promoting integrated design. These advancements aim to facilitate the widespread application of imaging sonar in fisheries and support scientific management and decision-making for fishery resources.

Key words: fishery, imaging sonar, underwater acoustic detection, target recognition, abundance estimation