摘要： 发展远洋渔业可缓解国家粮食安全压力，拓宽中国海洋渔业发展空间，维护国家海洋权益。2015年中国远洋渔船共2512艘，不足全国渔船总量的0.3%，总功率216万kW，接近渔船总功率的10%。在分析了金枪鱼、鱿鱼、秋刀鱼、南极磷虾等远洋渔船的拥有量、总功率、作业方式等数据的基础上，阐述了远洋渔船在能耗、船龄、基础性渔具材料、探捕和高效诱鱼装置、捕捞装备及模式、甲板设备自动化和稳定性等方面的实际发展现状，指出我国在渔业装备标准体系方面存在指标过低，缺乏引领性、约束性。基于此提出了远洋渔船升级改造、提高关键装备自动化和信息化水平、构建远洋渔船及相关装备标准形成机制、实现全生命周期标准化等促进远洋渔船发展的应对策略。

关键词: 远洋渔船, 捕捞方式, 甲板装备, 标准形成机制, 全生命周期

Abstract:  Developing pelagic fishing can help to relieve national food security pressure, expand ocean fishing space and protect national maritime interests. In 2015, there were 2 512 pelagic fishing vessels in China with a total power of 2,160,000 kilowatts, accounting for less than 0.3% of the total number of fishing vessels and closed to 10% of the total power. Based on the general amount, total power and fishing type of pelagic vessels for tuna, squid, saury and Antarctic krill etc., this paper describes the current situation of pelagic vessels in terms of their energy consumption, age, basic fishing gear material, fish detection and attraction equipment, fishing equipment and mode, automation and stability of deck facilities, etc., and points out that the performance index of the present fishing equipment standardization system is rather low and lack of guiding and constraining functions. Based on the problems identified, strategies are proposed to promote pelagic fishing vessels development, including, upgrading and reforming fishing vessels, increasing the automation and information level of key equipment, constructing formation mechanism for new standards of fishing vessels and equipment, and realizing the whole life-cycle standardization.

Key words: Pelagic fishing vessel, fishing mode, deck equipment, standardization formulation mechanism, full life cycle